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Shloka 3

Puruṣaikatva-vyākhyāna: The One Virāṭ Puruṣa and the Many ‘Puruṣas’

Rudra–Brahmā Saṃvāda

अजेन यष्टव्यमिति प्राहुर्देवा द्विजोत्तमान्‌ । स च च्छागो>प्यजो ज्ञेयो नान्य: पशुरिति स्थिति:,“अजके द्वारा यज्ञ करना चाहिये--ऐसा विधान है।' ऐसा कहकर देवताओंने वहाँ आये हुए सभी श्रेष्ठ ब्रह्मर्षियोंसे कहा, “यहाँ अजका अर्थ बकरा समझना चाहिये, दूसरा पशु नहीं, ऐसा निश्चय है”

ajena yaṣṭavyam iti prāhur devā dvijottamān | sa ca chāgo 'py ajo jñeyo nānyaḥ paśur iti sthitiḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദേവന്മാർ ശ്രേഷ്ഠ ദ്വിജന്മാരോട് പറഞ്ഞു: “അജകൊണ്ട് യാഗം ചെയ്യണം.” ഇവിടെ ‘അജ’ എന്നത് ആടിനെ തന്നെയെന്ന് നിശ്ചയം; മറ്റൊരു മൃഗവും ഉദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നില്ല.

अजेनby/with the 'aja' (goat / aja)
अजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यष्टव्यम्is to be sacrificed / should be offered (in sacrifice)
यष्टव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
Formतव्यत्, Passive (obligation), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्राहुःthey said / have said
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विजोत्तमान्the best of the twice-born (brahmins)
द्विजोत्तमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe / that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छागःa goat
छागः:
TypeNoun
Rootछाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अजः'aja' (goat) / the word 'aja'
अजः:
TypeNoun
Rootअज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयःis to be understood / should be known
ज्ञेयः:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formयत् (gerundive), Passive (obligation/fitness), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःother
अन्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पशुःanimal (sacrificial victim)
पशुः:
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
स्थितिःthe settled rule / established conclusion
स्थितिः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थिति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (भीष्म)
D
Devas (देवाः)
D
Dvijottamas / Brahmin sages (द्विजोत्तमाः)
A
Aja (अज)
C
Chāga (छाग, goat)
P
Paśu (पशु, sacrificial animal)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes authoritative interpretation of ritual injunctions: when scripture says to sacrifice with an ‘aja,’ the established tradition clarifies that ‘aja’ here means a goat, not any other animal—showing how dharma relies on precise, context-bound meanings.

Bhishma recounts a declaration by the gods to eminent Brahmins: they instruct that a sacrifice should be performed using an ‘aja’ and explicitly settle the intended referent as a goat, excluding other animals.