Shloka 41

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

Devanagari script

यमे च नियमे चैव कामे द्वेषे परिग्रहे । माने दम्भे तथा स्नेहे सदृशास्ते कुटुम्बिभि:

Transliteration

Janaka uvāca: yame ca niyame caiva kāme dveṣe parigrahe | māne dambhe tathā snehe sadṛśās te kuṭumbibhiḥ ||

Translation

യമ-നിയമങ്ങളുടെ കാര്യത്തിലും, കൂടാതെ കാമം, ദ്വേഷം, പരിഗ്രഹം, മാനം, ദംഭം, സ്നേഹം—ഇവയിൽ സന്ന്യാസിയും ഗൃഹസ്ഥനോട് സമാനനാണ്. യമ-നിയമങ്ങൾ അഭ്യസിച്ചാൽ ഗൃഹസ്ഥനും മോക്ഷം നേടാം; എന്നാൽ കാമദ്വേഷങ്ങൾ നിലനിൽക്കുകയാണെങ്കിൽ സന്ന്യാസിക്കും വിമുക്തി നഷ്ടപ്പെടാം.

Word by Word

• यमे: in restraint (yama)
• यमे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नियमे: in observance (niyama)
• नियमे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• कामे: in desire
• कामे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• द्वेषे: in hatred/aversion
• द्वेषे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वेष
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• परिग्रहे: in possession/appropriation
• परिग्रहे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• माने: in pride/self-regard
• माने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• दम्भे: in hypocrisy/ostentation
• दम्भे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम्भ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• स्नेहे: in affection/attachment
• स्नेहे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नेह
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सदृशाः: similar/equal
• सदृशाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सदृश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they/those
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कुटुम्बिभिः: with householders/family-men
• कुटुम्बिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुटुम्बिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

जनक उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Janaka

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

External status (renunciant or householder) does not guarantee liberation; inner discipline and freedom from desire, hatred, possessiveness, pride, hypocrisy, and attachment are decisive. A householder practicing yama-niyama can attain moksha, while a renunciant with unresolved passions may fail.

What is happening in the narrative?

Janaka is speaking in a didactic context within the Śānti Parva, emphasizing that spiritual success depends on inner qualities and conduct rather than the mere adoption of the renunciate life.