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Shloka 5

शुकस्य योगसिद्धिः (Śuka’s Yogic Attainment and Ascent)

एक समयकी बात है, विदेहदेशके राजा जनकने वेद-वेत्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ महर्षि पंचशिखसे, जिनके धर्म और अर्थ-विषयक संदेह नष्ट हो गये थे, इस प्रकार प्रश्न किया-- ।। केन वृत्तेन भगवन्नतिक्रामेज्जरान्तकौ । तपसा वाथ बुद्धा वा कर्मणा वा श्रुतेन वा,“भगवन्‌! किस आचार, तपस्या, बुद्धि, कर्म अथवा शास्त्रज्ञानके द्वारा मनुष्य जरा और मृत्युको लाँध सकता है?”

bhīṣma uvāca | eka-samayasya vṛttānto 'sti | videha-deśasya rājā janako veda-vettṛṣu śreṣṭhaṃ maharṣiṃ pañcaśikhaṃ, yasya dharma-artha-viṣayakāḥ saṃśayāḥ praṇaṣṭāḥ, evaṃ papraccha— kena vṛttena bhagavan atikrāmej jarāntakau? tapasā vātha buddhyā vā karmaṇā vā śrutena vā? | “bhagavan! kena ācāreṇa, tapasā, buddhyā, karmaṇā athavā śāstra-jñānena manuṣyo jarāṃ mṛtyuṃ ca laṅghayituṃ śaknoti?”

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഒരു സമയം വിദേഹരാജാവായ ജനകൻ, വേദജ്ഞന്മാരിൽ ശ്രേഷ്ഠനും ധർമ്മ-അർത്ഥവിഷയക സംശയങ്ങൾ നശിച്ചവനുമായ മഹർഷി പഞ്ചശിഖനോട് ഇങ്ങനെ ചോദിച്ചു—“ഭഗവൻ! ഏതു വൃത്തിയാൽ (ആചാരജീവിതം) മനുഷ്യൻ ജരയും മരണവും അതിക്രമിക്കും? തപസ്സാലോ, ബുദ്ധിയാലോ, കർമത്താലോ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ശ്രുതി-ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞാനത്താലോ?”

केनby what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृत्तेनby conduct/way of life
वृत्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भगवन्O venerable one
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अतिक्रामेत्might cross over/surpass
अतिक्रामेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जराम्old age
जराम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अन्तकौdeath (and its end-maker); the two enders
अन्तकौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अथor else/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
बुद्ध्याby understanding/intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कर्मणाby action/deed
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
श्रुतेनby learning/what is heard (scriptural knowledge)
श्रुतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
J
Janaka
P
Panchashikha
V
Videha
V
Veda (Śruti)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic dharmic inquiry: which human pursuit—ethical conduct, austerity, discernment, action, or scriptural learning—most effectively leads beyond the limits of aging and death. It sets up a teaching that liberation is not merely one external practice, but a principled path requiring right conduct and right understanding directed toward transcendence.

Bhishma recounts an earlier episode: King Janaka of Videha approaches the sage Panchashikha, renowned for Vedic mastery and clarity about dharma and artha, and asks him what means enables a person to cross beyond old age and death.