Shloka 5
Śuka–Janaka Saṃvāda: Āśrama-krama, Jñāna-vijñāna, and the Marks of Liberation (शुक-जनक संवादः)
सांख्यदर्शी विद्वानोंके कथनानुसार दोनों हाथ अध्यात्म हैं, कर्तव्य अधिभूत है और इन्द्र अधिदैवत हैं ।।
vāg adhyātmam iti prāhur yathā śruti-nidarśinaḥ | vaktavyam adhibhūtaṁ tu vahnīs tatrādhidaivatam ||
യാജ്ഞവൽക്യൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ശ്രുതിയുടെ ആധാരത്തിൽ വേദാർത്ഥം തെളിയിക്കുന്ന ഋഷിമാർ പറയുന്നതുപോലെ, വാക് (വാണി) അധ്യാത്മം; പറയപ്പെടേണ്ടത് അധിഭൂതം; ഈ ത്രയത്തിൽ അഗ്നി അധിദൈവതം.
याज़्वल्क्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches a threefold mapping used in Vedic and philosophical interpretation: (1) the inner faculty (adhyātma) is speech itself, (2) the external/objective counterpart (adhibhūta) is the content that is spoken, and (3) the divine presiding power (adhidaivata) governing this function is Agni. It frames human cognition and expression as linked to cosmic and ritual principles.
In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Yājñavalkya is explaining doctrinal correspondences cited by authoritative Vedic interpreters. He is not narrating an event but delivering a philosophical clarification about how speech and its object are understood across the adhyātma–adhibhūta–adhidaivata framework.