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Shloka 4

Śukasya Janma-yoga-phalaṁ — Vyāsasya Tapasā Putrārthaḥ (Śānti-parva 310)

याज्ञवल्क्यमृषिश्रेष्ठ॑ दैवरातिर्महायशा: । पप्रच्छ जनको राजा प्रश्न॑ प्रश्नविदां वरम्‌,एक बार देवरातके महायशस्वी पुत्र राजा जनकने प्रश्नबका रहस्य समझनेवालोंमें श्रेष्ठ मुनिवर याज्ञवल्क्यजीसे पूछा

Yājñavalkyam ṛṣiśreṣṭhaṁ Daivarātir mahāyaśāḥ | papraccha Janako rājā praśnaṁ praśnavidāṁ varam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഒരിക്കൽ ദേവരാതന്റെ മഹായശസ്സുള്ള പുത്രനായ രാജാ ജനകൻ, ചോദ്യങ്ങളുടെ മർമ്മം അറിയുന്നവരിൽ ശ്രേഷ്ഠനായ മുനി യാജ്ഞവൽക്ക്യനോട് ചോദ്യം ഉന്നയിച്ചു।

याज्ञवल्क्यम्Yajnavalkya (as the one addressed/asked)
याज्ञवल्क्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयाज्ञवल्क्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषिश्रेष्ठम्best of sages
ऋषिश्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषिश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दैवरातिःDaivarati (Janaka)
दैवरातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैवराति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महायशाःof great fame
महायशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहायशस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पप्रच्छasked
पप्रच्छ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
जनकःJanaka
जनकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रश्नम्a question
प्रश्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रश्नविदाम्of the knowers of questions (i.e., of those skilled in inquiry)
प्रश्नविदाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रश्नविद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वरम्the best (one)
वरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yājñavalkya
J
Janaka
D
Devarāta (implied via Daivarāti)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the dharmic method of learning: a responsible ruler seeks higher ethical and spiritual understanding by approaching a foremost sage and asking well-formed questions. It implies humility, discernment, and the value of guided inquiry in matters of truth and conduct.

Bhīṣma introduces a traditional teaching episode: King Janaka (called Daivarāti) approaches the sage Yājñavalkya and poses an important question, setting up a discourse where royal duty and spiritual insight are explored through dialogue.