Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Śukasya Janma-yoga-phalaṁ — Vyāsasya Tapasā Putrārthaḥ (Śānti-parva 310)

अव्यक्त च महान्तं च तथाहड़कार एव च | पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्न॒ पञचमम्‌,प्रकृतियाँ आठ बतायी गयी हैं और उनके विकार सोलह। अध्यात्मशास्त्रका चिन्तन करनेवाले विद्वान्‌ आठ प्रकृतियोंके नाम इस प्रकार बतलाते हैं--अव्यक्त (मूल प्रकृति), महत्तत्त्व, अहंकार, आकाश, वायु, अग्नि, जल और पृथ्वी

avyaktaṃ ca mahāntaṃ ca tathāhaṅkāra eva ca | pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotiṣ ca pañcamam ||

യാജ്ഞവൽക്ക്യൻ അരുളിച്ചെയ്തു—അവ്യക്തം (മൂലപ്രകൃതി), മഹത്തത്ത്വം, അഹങ്കാരം; പിന്നെ പഞ്ചഭൂതങ്ങൾ—പൃഥിവി, വായു, ആകാശം, ജലം, തേജസ് (അഗ്നി/ജ്യോതി)—ഇവയാണ് എട്ട് ‘പ്രകൃതികൾ’ എന്നു ഉപദേശിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. ഇവയിൽ നിന്നാണ് പതിനാറു വികാരങ്ങൾ ഉദ്ഭവിക്കുന്നത് എന്നു ആത്മവിദ്യ ചിന്തിക്കുന്നവർ ഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു.

अव्यक्तम्the unmanifest (prakriti)
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महान्तम्the great (mahat-tattva)
महान्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहान्त्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अहङ्कारम्ego-principle (ahaṅkāra)
अहङ्कारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअहङ्कार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पृथिवीम्earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वायुम्wind/air
वायुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आकाशम्ether/space
आकाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
ज्योतिःfire/light
ज्योतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पञ्चमम्as the fifth
पञ्चमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
A
avyakta (mūla-prakṛti)
M
mahattattva
A
ahaṅkāra
Ā
ākāśa
V
vāyu
J
jyotis/tejas (agni)
Ā
āpaḥ
P
pṛthivī

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines a Sāṅkhya-style map of reality: eight foundational principles (prakṛtis)—the unmanifest root, mahat, ahaṅkāra, and the five great elements—out of which the manifold world and its sixteen derivative modifications (vikāras) are understood to arise. The ethical thrust in Śānti Parva is that clear discernment of these principles supports detachment and steadiness in dharma.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and self-knowledge, the sage Yājñavalkya is explaining metaphysical categories to frame how the cosmos and embodied experience emerge, guiding the listener toward contemplative understanding (adhyātma) rather than mere worldly entanglement.