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Shloka 53

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

अतपास्तप आत्मानमगतिग्गतिमात्मन: । अभवो भवमात्मानमभयो भयमात्मन:,वह कभी तप नहीं करता तो भी अपनेको तपस्वी मानता है। कहीं गमन नहीं करता तो भी अपनेको आने-जानेवाला समझता है। संसाररहित होकर भी अपनेको संसारी और निर्भय होकर भी अपनेको भयभीत मानता है। यद्यपि वह अक्षर (अविनाशी) है तो भी अपनेको क्षर (नाशवान) समझता है तथा बुद्धिसे परे होनेपर भी बुद्धिमत्ताका अभिमान रखता है

atapās tapa ātmānam agatiṁ gatim ātmanaḥ | abhavo bhavam ātmānam abhayo bhayam ātmanaḥ ||

വസിഷ്ഠൻ പറഞ്ഞു—തപസ്സു ചെയ്യാതിരുന്നിട്ടും സ്വയം തപസ്വിയെന്ന് കരുതുന്നു; എവിടെയും പോകാതിരുന്നിട്ടും സ്വയം ഗമനശീലനെന്ന് ധരിക്കുന്നു. ഭവം (സംസാരം) ഇല്ലാത്തവനായിട്ടും സ്വയം സംസാരിയെന്ന് കരുതുന്നു; നിർഭയനായിട്ടും സ്വയം ഭീതനെന്ന് തെറ്റിദ്ധരിക്കുന്നു.

अतपाःone who does not perform austerity (non-ascetic)
अतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-तपस् (प्रातिपदिक: अतपाः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अगतिम्non-going, lack of movement
अगतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-गति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्going, movement
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अभवःnon-existence; being without worldly becoming
अभवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-भव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवम्worldly existence, becoming
भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभयःfearless
अभयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that bondage often arises from misidentification: the mind attributes to the Self qualities it does not possess (austerity/non-austerity, motion/non-motion, worldly becoming/non-becoming, fearlessness/fear). Ethical clarity and liberation begin by seeing through these false self-notions.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing his listener in a reflective, renunciatory discourse typical of the Śānti Parva: he diagnoses the inner error by which a person superimposes contradictory states upon the Self, thereby sustaining confusion and suffering.