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Shloka 47

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

तामसा निरयं यान्ति राजसा मानुषानथ । सात्त्विका देवलोकाय गच्छन्ति सुखभागिन:,तमोगुणी प्राणी नरकमें पड़ते हैं, राजस स्वभावके जीव मनुष्यलोकमें जाते हैं तथा सुखके भागी सात्त्विक पुरुष देवलोकको प्रस्थान करते हैं

tāmasā nirayaṃ yānti rājasā mānuṣān atha | sāttvikā devalokāya gacchanti sukhabhāginaḥ ||

തമോഗുണാധീനർ നരകത്തിലേക്ക് പതിക്കുന്നു; രജോഗുണാധീനർ മനുഷ്യലോകത്തിൽ ജന്മം പ്രാപിക്കുന്നു; സുഖഭാഗികൾ, സത്ത്വത്തിൽ നിലകൊള്ളുന്നവർ ദേവലോകത്തിലേക്ക് ഗമിക്കുന്നു.

तामसाःtamasic (persons/beings)
तामसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निरयम्hell
निरयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिरय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजसाःrajasic (persons/beings)
राजसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानुषान्humans / human realm (as humans)
मानुषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सात्त्विकाःsattvic (persons/beings)
सात्त्विकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसात्त्विक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवलोकायto the world of the gods (heaven)
देवलोकाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवलोक
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
गच्छन्तिgo
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सुखभागिनःpartakers of happiness / fortunate
सुखभागिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुखभागिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
N
niraya (hell)
M
mānuṣa-loka (human realm)
D
deva-loka (world of the gods)

Educational Q&A

A being’s dominant guṇa shapes its post-mortem destination: tamas leads to painful states (niraya), rajas to continued human rebirth driven by desire and action, and sattva to higher, happier realms (devaloka). The ethical implication is to refine conduct and mind toward sattva—clarity, restraint, and virtue.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Vasiṣṭha delivers a doctrinal summary linking moral-psychological qualities (the three guṇas) with the results experienced after death, presenting a graded cosmology of consequences to guide right living.