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Shloka 1

Akṣara–Kṣara Viveka: Vasiṣṭha–Karāla-Janaka Saṃvāda (अक्षर-क्षर विवेकः)

अकाल एकनवत्यथिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: पराशरगीता--कर्मफलकी अनिवार्यता तथा पुण्यकर्मसे लाभ पराशर उवाच मनोरथरयथं प्राप्य इन्द्रियाख्यहयं नर: । रश्मिभिज्ञानसम्भूतैयों गच्छति स बुद्धिमान्‌,पराशरजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! इन्द्रियरूप घोड़ोंसे युक्त मनोमय (सूक्ष्म शरीर) एक रथ है। ज्ञानाकार वृत्तियाँ ही इस रथके घोड़ोंकी बागडोर हैं। इन उपकरणोंसे युक्त रथपर आरूढ़ होकर जो पुरुष यात्रा करता है, वह बुद्धिमान है

parāśara uvāca | manorathaṃ yathā prāpya indriyākhyahayān naraḥ | raśmibhir jñānasambhūtair yo gacchati sa buddhimān ||

പരാശരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളെന്ന കുതിരകളാൽ യുക്തമായ മനോമയ രഥം തന്നെയാണ് മനുഷ്യന്റെ (സൂക്ഷ്മശരീരം). ജ്ഞാനത്തിൽ നിന്നുയർന്ന രശ്മികളായ കടിവാളുകൾകൊണ്ട് അതിനെ നിയന്ത്രിച്ച് മുന്നേറുന്നവനാണ് ബുദ്ധിമാൻ.

मनोरथम्mind-made chariot
मनोरथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनोरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथम्as/according to
यथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
प्राप्यhaving obtained/reaching
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
इन्द्रियाख्यcalled 'senses'
इन्द्रियाख्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootइन्द्रिय + आख्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नरःa man/person
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रश्मिभिःwith reins
रश्मिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरश्मि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ज्ञानसम्भूतैःarisen from knowledge
ज्ञानसम्भूतैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान + सम्भूत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गच्छतिgoes/travels
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिमान्wise/intelligent
बुद्धिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

P
Parāśara
K
King (rājan)
M
mind-chariot (manoratha)
S
senses (indriya) as horses (haya)
R
reins (raśmi) of knowledge (jñāna)

Educational Q&A

Wisdom is defined as governing one’s life by knowledge: the senses are powerful like horses, but when they are directed by the reins of discriminative understanding, a person travels rightly rather than being carried away by impulse.

In the Śānti Parva’s Parāśara-gītā section, the sage Parāśara addresses a king and uses a chariot metaphor: the mind is the chariot, the senses are its horses, and knowledge functions as the reins by which a wise person guides his course.