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Shloka 49

Adhyāya 287 — Janaka’s Inquiry on Śreyas, Abhayadāna, and Asaṅga

Non-attachment

अपनी उन्नति चाहनेवाले साधकको चाहिये कि जिस पापकर्मके संस्कारोंसे युक्त हुआ मनुष्य खाटपर पड़कर दुःख भोगता है, उस कर्मको पहलेसे ही न करे ।। यत्र राजा च राज्ञश्न पुरुषा: प्रत्यनन्तरा: । कुटम्बिनामग्रभुजस्त्यजेत्‌ तद्‌ राष्ट्रमात्मवान्‌,जहाँ राजा और राजाके निकटवर्ती अन्य पुरुष कुटुम्बी-जनोंसे पहले ही भोजन कर लेते हैं, उस राष्ट्रको मनस्वी पुरुष अवश्य त्याग दे

nārada uvāca |

āpannāṃ unnatiṃ kāṅkṣan sādhako 'yaṃ vicakṣaṇaḥ |

yasya pāpakṛta-saṃskārair yukto martyaḥ śayane patan duḥkhaṃ bhuṅkte, tat karma pūrvam eva na kuryāt ||

yatra rājā ca rājñaś ca puruṣāḥ praty-anantarāḥ |

kuṭumbinām agra-bhujas tyajet tad rāṣṭram ātmavān ||

സ്വോന്നതി ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന সাধകൻ, ഏത് പാപകർമ്മത്തിന്റെ സംസ്കാരങ്ങളാൽ യുക്തനായി മനുഷ്യൻ പിന്നീടു കട്ടിലിൽ വീണുകിടന്ന് ദുഃഖം അനുഭവിക്കുമോ, ആ കർമ്മം ആദ്യം മുതലേ ചെയ്യരുത്. കൂടാതെ രാജാവും രാജാവിനോട് അടുത്തവരും ഗൃഹസ്ഥരെക്കാൾ മുമ്പേ ഭക്ഷണം കഴിക്കുന്നിടത്ത്, ആത്മസംയമമുള്ളവൻ ആ രാജ്യത്തെ നിർബന്ധമായി ഉപേക്ഷിക്കണം.

यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुरुषाःmen/persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यनन्तराःimmediately following; close attendants
प्रत्यनन्तराः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यनन्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुटम्बिनाम्of householders/family-men
कुटम्बिनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकुटम्बिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अग्रभुजःeating first (before others)
अग्रभुजः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्रभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राष्ट्रम्kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मवान्self-controlled; wise
आत्मवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Narada
K
king (rājā)
K
king's close attendants (praty-anantarāḥ)
H
householders (kuṭumbinaḥ)
R
realm/kingdom (rāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

Avoid wrongdoing before it ripens into unavoidable suffering: actions leave saṃskāras that later mature as pain and helplessness. Ethically, a just polity is one where rulers do not privilege themselves at the expense of householders; if a realm is exploitative, a principled person should not support it and may leave it.

Narada is instructing on dharma in the Shanti Parva, giving moral counsel about personal conduct (avoiding pāpakarma that later yields suffering) and political ethics (condemning a kingdom where the king and his inner circle take first share, signaling injustice toward ordinary householders).