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Shloka 1

जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः

Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry

ऑपनआक्रात बा सर: पज्चाशीत्यधिकद्धिशततमो< ध्याय: अध्यात्मज्ञानका और उसके फलका वर्णन युधिछिर उवाच अध्यात्म नाम यदिदं पुरुषस्येह विद्यते । यदध्यात्मं यतश्लैव तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! शास्त्रमें पुरुषके लिये जो यह अध्यात्मतत्त्व बताया गया है, वह अध्यात्म क्या है और उसकी उत्पत्ति कहाँसे हुई है? यह मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: adhyātma nāma yad idaṃ puruṣasya iha vidyate | yad adhyātmaṃ yataś caiva tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ ചോദിച്ചു—പിതാമഹാ! ശാസ്ത്രങ്ങളിൽ മനുഷ്യനോട് ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടതായി പറയുന്ന ‘അധ്യാത്മം’ എന്താണ്? അതിന്റെ ഉദ്ഭവം എവിടെ നിന്നാണ്? എനിക്ക് പറഞ്ഞുതരണമേ.

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
अध्यात्मthe inner self / spiritual principle
अध्यात्म:
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नामindeed; called; by name
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन्
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
पुरुषस्यof the person
पुरुषस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
इहhere (in this world / in this context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्यात्मम्the adhyātma (inner principle)
अध्यात्मम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; precisely
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the inquiry that drives the chapter: defining adhyātma (inner/spiritual knowledge) and identifying its source or basis, implying that ethical life and liberation depend on understanding the Self and its grounding.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions his ‘grandfather’ Bhīṣma, requesting a clear explanation of what the scriptures mean by adhyātma and how it originates, setting up Bhīṣma’s forthcoming instruction.