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Shloka 23

कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः

Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas

अतीतास्वथ वर्षासु शरत्काल उपस्थिते । प्राजापत्येन विधिना विश्वासात्‌ काममोहितौ

atītāsv atha varṣāsu śaratkāla upasthite | prājāpatyena vidhinā viśvāsāt kāmamohitau, rājan |

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ, വർഷകാലം കഴിഞ്ഞ് ശരദ്കാലം വന്നപ്പോൾ, കാമമോഹിതരായ ആ കുരുവി-ജോഡി പ്രജാപതി നിശ്ചയിച്ച സന്താനോത്പാദനവിധിപ്രകാരം പരസ്പരം സംഗമിച്ചു. ഋഷിയിലുണ്ടായ വിശ്വാസം കൊണ്ടു അവർ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ശിരസ്സിന്മേലേ തന്നെ മുട്ടകൾ വെച്ചു. കഠിനവ്രതധാരിയായ തേജസ്വി ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ—പക്ഷികൾ തന്റെ ജടകളിൽ മുട്ടകൾ വെച്ചുവെന്ന് അറിഞ്ഞു.

अतीतासुwhen (they) had passed
अतीतासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतीत (√इ + अति, क्त)
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
वर्षासुin the rainy seasons / rains
वर्षासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
शरत्कालःthe autumn season
शरत्कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशरत्काल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपस्थितेwhen (it) had arrived / on the arrival (of)
उपस्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्थित (उप-√स्था, क्त)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राजापत्येनby the Prajāpatya (procreative) (rule)
प्राजापत्येन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राजापत्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विधिनाby the method / according to the rule
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विश्वासात्from trust / due to confidence
विश्वासात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वास
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
काममोहितौthe two, deluded by desire
काममोहितौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम-मोहित (√मुह, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
Rājan (Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed as king)
S
sparrows (gौरैयाँ)
A
a vow-observing brāhmaṇa/maharṣi (ascetic sage)
J
jaṭā (matted locks)
E
eggs (aṇḍa)
V
Varṣā-ṛtu (rainy season)
Ś
Śarat-kāla (autumn)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights how steadfastness in vows and harmlessness can generate trust even among animals; it also frames procreation as a natural, Prajāpati-ordained order, while implicitly praising restraint and responsibility in the face of desire.

As the seasons change from rains to autumn, a pair of sparrows, driven by desire, mate and—trusting an unmoving ascetic—lay their eggs on his head, in his matted locks; the vow-keeping sage becomes aware of this.