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Shloka 8

Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists

मनोबुद्धिपरा भूत: स्वदेहपरदेहवित्‌ । स्वप्लेष्वपि भवत्येष विज्ञाता सुखदु:खयो:,जिन मूढ़ मनुष्योंका जीवात्मा मन और बुद्धिके वशीभूत रहता है, वह अपने और पराये शरीरको जाननेवाला मनुष्य स्वप्न-अवस्थामें भी सूक्ष्म शरीरसे सुख-दुःखका अनुभव करता है

manobuddhiparo bhūtaḥ svadeha-paradeha-vit | svapneṣv api bhavaty eṣa vijñātā sukha-duḥkhayoḥ ||

ജീവൻ മനസ്സിന്റെയും ബുദ്ധിയുടെയും അധീനനായാൽ ‘ഇത് എന്റെ ദേഹം’ ‘അത് മറ്റൊരാളുടെ ദേഹം’ എന്ന ഭേദം അറിയുന്നു. സ്വപ്നാവസ്ഥയിലും സൂക്ഷ്മദേഹത്തിലൂടെ സുഖദുഃഖങ്ങളെ അറിയുന്ന അനുഭവകനായി നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു।

मनःmind
मनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिintellect
बुद्धि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परःdependent on / devoted to
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतःbecome; having become
भूतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत (√भू)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वदेहone's own body
स्वदेह:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्व + देह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परदेहanother's body
परदेह:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर + देह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वित्knower
वित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद् (√विद्) + क्विप्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वप्नेषुin dreams
स्वप्नेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भवतिis; becomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (person)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विज्ञाताcognizer; experiencer; knower
विज्ञाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवि + ज्ञा (√ज्ञा) + तृच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुखदुःखयोःof pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootसुख + दुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
J
jīvātman (individual self)
M
manas (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
S
svapna (dream-state)
S
sūkṣma-śarīra (subtle body)

Educational Q&A

So long as the self is ruled by mind and intellect, it continues to operate with body-identification and dualistic cognition, and therefore undergoes pleasure and pain even in dreams—implying that inner governance (not merely external circumstances) sustains suffering.

Vyāsa is explaining a psychological-metaphysical point in the Śānti Parva’s instruction: the experiencer (jīva) carries subtle impressions and cognition into the dream-state, where it still ‘knows’ self/other in relation to bodies and thus feels sukha and duḥkha.