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Shloka 36

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

यस्य वृत्तं नमस्यन्ति स्वर्गस्थस्यापि मानवा: । पौरजानपदामात्या: स राजा राजसत्तम:,स्वर्गलोकमें रहनेपर भी जिसके चरित्रको नगर और जनपदके मनुष्य एवं मन्त्री मस्तक झुकाते हैं, वही राजा समस्त नरपतियोंमें सबसे श्रेष्ठ है

yasya vṛttaṃ namasyanti svargasthasyāpi mānavāḥ | paurajānapadāmātyāḥ sa rājā rājasattamaḥ ||

വ്യാസൻ പറഞ്ഞു—സ്വർഗലോകത്തിൽ വസിച്ചാലും നഗരവും ജനപദവും ഉള്ള ജനങ്ങളും മന്ത്രിമാരും ആരുടെ ചരിതത്തെ തലകുനിച്ച് നമസ്കരിക്കുന്നുവോ, ആ രാജാവാണ് രാജന്മാരിൽ ശ്രേഷ്ഠൻ. യഥാർത്ഥ പരമാധികാരത്തിന്റെ അടയാളം വെറും ബലം അല്ല; മരണാനന്തരവും ആദരം നേടുന്ന ധാർമ്മികമായ സ്വഭാവമാണ് അതിന്റെ ലക്ഷണം।

यस्यwhose
यस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
वृत्तम्conduct, character
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नमस्यन्तिthey bow to, they salute
नमस्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनमस् (नमस्यति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्वर्गस्थस्यof one who is in heaven
स्वर्गस्थस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्गस्थ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मानवाःmen, people
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पौरtownsmen, citizens
पौर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपौर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जानपदcountrymen, people of the districts
जानपद:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजानपद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अमात्याःministers
अमात्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सःhe, that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजसत्तमःbest among kings
राजसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
svarga (heaven)
P
paura (citizens)
J
jānapada (people of the countryside)
Ā
āmātya (ministers)

Educational Q&A

A king’s true excellence lies in righteous conduct (vṛtta). When a ruler’s life benefits and protects society, his character earns enduring reverence—from citizens, rural subjects, and ministers—even after his death.

Vyāsa states a criterion for judging kings: the foremost ruler is the one whose conduct is so exemplary that people across the realm and the royal counselors continue to honor him even when he is ‘in heaven,’ i.e., after his passing.