Shloka 28

'प्रिय मित्र! स्त्री अथवा पुत्रोंका थोड़ा-सा भी अप्रिय कर दो, फिर स्वयं समझ जाओगे कि कौन किस हेतुसे किस तरह किसके साथ कितना सम्बन्ध रखता है? ।। ये च मूढतमा लोके ये च बुद्धेः परं गता: । त एव सुखमेधन्ते मध्यम: क्लिश्यते जन:,'संसारमें जो अत्यन्त मूर्ख हैं, अथवा जो बुद्धिसे परे पहुँच गये हैं, वे ही सुखी होते हैं; बीचवाले लोग कष्ट ही उठाते हैं!

priya mitra! strī athavā putrāṇāṁ thoḍā-sā api apriyaṁ kṛtvā punaḥ svayaṁ jñāsyasi—kaḥ kasya hetoḥ kathaṁ kasya saha kiyad-sambandhaṁ dhārayati? ye ca mūḍhatamā loke ye ca buddheḥ paraṁ gatāḥ, ta eva sukham edhante, madhyamaḥ kliśyate janaḥ.

വ്യാസൻ പറഞ്ഞു—പ്രിയ സുഹൃത്തേ, ഭാര്യയെയോ പുത്രന്മാരെയോ അല്പമെങ്കിലും അപ്രിയപ്പെടുത്തി നോക്കുക; അപ്പോൾ ആരാണ് ഏത് ഉദ്ദേശത്തോടെ, എങ്ങനെ, ആരോടൊപ്പം എത്രമാത്രം ബന്ധം പുലർത്തുന്നതെന്ന് നീ തന്നേ മനസ്സിലാക്കും. ഈ ലോകത്ത് അത്യന്തം മൂഢന്മാരോ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ സാധാരണ ബുദ്ധിയുടെ പരിധി കടന്നവരോ—അവരാണ് സുഖത്തിൽ വളരുന്നത്; മധ്യമനായ മനുഷ്യനാണ് ക്ലേശം അനുഭവിക്കുന്നത്.

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मूढतमा:most deluded / extremely foolish
मूढतमा::
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बुद्धेःfrom intellect / beyond intellect
बुद्धेः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
परम्beyond / further
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गता:gone / having reached
गता::
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, active sense (gone)
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवalone / indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एधन्तेprosper / thrive
एधन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootएध्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Plural
मध्यमःthe middling one / average person
मध्यमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्लिश्यतेsuffers / is afflicted
क्लिश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootक्लिश्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
जनःperson / people (man)
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
mitra (addressed friend)
S
strī (wife/woman)
P
putrāḥ (sons/children)
L
loka (the world)

Educational Q&A

Vyāsa highlights that many relationships are tested by even minor displeasure, revealing hidden motives and conditional attachment. He then contrasts three types: the utterly deluded (who do not reflect and thus feel little inner conflict), the truly transcendent (who have gone beyond ordinary intellect and are inwardly free), and the ‘middle’ person who is neither ignorant nor liberated—therefore caught in anxiety, calculation, and suffering.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa addresses a listener as “dear friend” and offers a practical observation about social and familial bonds: create a small friction with wife or sons and the real texture of relationships becomes evident. He uses this as a springboard for a broader reflection on why different temperaments experience happiness or distress in worldly life.