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Shloka 23

Adhyāya 249 — Mṛtyu-prādurbhāvaḥ (The Manifestation of Death) / Restraint of Tejas and Ordered Saṃhāra

नैतज्ज्ञात्वा पुमान्‌ स्त्री वा पुनर्भवमवाप्तुते । अभवप्रतिपत्त्यर्थमेतद्‌ धर्म विधीयते,पुरुष हो या स्त्री, इस ब्रह्मको जान ले तो उसका पुनः इस संसारमें जन्म नहीं होता। अपुनर्भवस्थिति प्राप्त करनेके लिये ही इस ब्रह्मज्ञानरूप धर्मका विधान किया गया है

vyāsa uvāca | na etaj jñātvā pumān strī vā punarbhavam avāptute | abhava-pratipatti-artham etad dharma vidhīyate |

പുരുഷനായാലും സ്ത്രീയായാലും—ഈ ബ്രഹ്മത്തെ യഥാർത്ഥമായി അറിയുന്നവന് വീണ്ടും പുനർജന്മം ലഭിക്കുകയില്ല. അപുനർഭവസ്ഥിതി പ്രാപിപ്പിക്കാനായിട്ടാണ് ബ്രഹ്മജ്ഞാനരൂപമായ ഈ ധർമ്മം വിധിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നത്.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (truth/teaching)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), active
पुमान्a man
पुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
स्त्रीa woman
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
भवम्becoming; worldly existence (rebirth)
भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अवाप्तुतेattains/obtains
अवाप्तुते:
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (अव-आप्)
FormLat (present), Ātmanepada, 3rd, singular
अभवof non-becoming (non-rebirth)
अभव:
TypeNoun
Rootअ-भव
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
प्रतिपत्तिfor attainment/realization
प्रतिपत्ति:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिपत्ति
Formfeminine, dative, singular
अर्थम्for the sake/purpose
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
धर्मःdharma; teaching/discipline
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विधीयतेis prescribed/ordained
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि-धा)
FormLat (present), Ātmanepada, 3rd, singular, passive

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
Brahman (implied by 'etat')
M
man (pumān)
W
woman (strī)

Educational Q&A

Brahman-realization (true knowledge of the ultimate reality) ends punarbhava—one no longer returns to repeated birth. The dharma being taught here is framed as a means to attain 'abhava', the cessation of further becoming, i.e., liberation.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented dharma, Vyāsa states a universal eligibility point (man or woman) and clarifies the purpose of the teaching: it is prescribed not merely for social order but to lead the seeker to freedom from rebirth through Brahman-knowledge.