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Shloka 34

अध्यात्म-तत्त्व-निर्णयः

Adhyātma Taxonomy: Elements, Faculties, and Guṇas

हंसोक्तं चाक्षरं चैव कूटस्थं यत्‌ तदक्षरम्‌ | तद्‌ विद्वानक्षरं प्राप्प जहाति प्राणजन्मनी,हंस नामसे जिस अविनाशी जीवात्माका प्रतिपादन किया गया है, वह कूटस्थ अक्षर ही है, इस प्रकार जो विद्वान्‌ उस अक्षर आत्माको यथार्थरूपसे जान लेता है, वह प्राण, जन्म और मृत्युके बन्धनको सदाके लिये त्याग देता है

haṁsoktaṁ cākṣaraṁ caiva kūṭasthaṁ yat tad akṣaram | tad vidvān akṣaraṁ prāpya jahāti prāṇa-janmanī ||

വ്യാസൻ പറഞ്ഞു—‘ഹംസ’ എന്നു പ്രസ്താവിക്കപ്പെട്ട അവിനാശി തത്ത്വം തന്നെയാണ് കൂഠസ്ഥ അക്ഷരം. ആ അക്ഷരാത്മാവിനെ യഥാർത്ഥമായി അറിഞ്ഞ് പ്രാപിക്കുന്ന ജ്ഞാനി, പ്രാണബന്ധവും ജനന-മരണബന്ധനവും എന്നേക്കുമായി ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുന്നു।

हंसोक्तम्spoken/uttered by (the) Haṃsa
हंसोक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहंस-उक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अक्षरम्the imperishable (syllable/principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कूटस्थम्unchanging, abiding (like an anvil)
कूटस्थम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकूटस्थ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अक्षरम्the imperishable (principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that (it)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विद्वान्a wise man/knower
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अक्षरम्the imperishable (principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving attained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
जहातिabandons/gives up
जहाति:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्राणजन्मनीbreath and birth (i.e., embodied life)
प्राणजन्मनी:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-जन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
H
Haṁsa
A
Akṣara (the Imperishable)
K
Kūṭastha (the immutable principle)
P
Prāṇa

Educational Q&A

Realization of the imperishable, immutable Self (Akṣara/Kūṭastha), symbolically termed ‘Haṁsa,’ frees a person from bondage to prāṇa-conditioned existence and the cycle of birth and death.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation, Vyāsa explains a metaphysical point: the ‘Haṁsa’ teaching refers to the same imperishable Akṣara; one who truly knows it transcends mortal limitations and is no longer bound by repeated birth and death.