Shloka 12

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

Devanagari script

स्थावरेभ्यो विशिष्टानि जड़मान्युपधारयेत्‌ । उपपन्नं हि यच्चेष्टा विशिष्येत विशेष्यया,स्थावर प्राणियोंसे जंगम प्राणियोंको श्रेष्ठ समझना चाहिये। यह बात युक्तिसंगत भी है, क्योंकि उनमें विशेषरूपसे चेष्टा देखी जाती है, इस विशेषताके कारण जंगम प्राणियोंकी विशिष्टता स्वत: सिद्ध है

Transliteration

sthāvarebhyo viśiṣṭāni jaḍamāny upadhārayet | upapannaṃ hi yac ceṣṭā viśiṣyet viśeṣyayā ||

Translation

സ്ഥാവരങ്ങളേക്കാൾ ജംഗമജീവികൾ ശ്രേഷ്ഠരാണെന്ന് ഗ്രഹിക്കണം. ഇത് യുക്തിസഹമാണ്; കാരണം അവരിൽ ലക്ഷ്യബോധമുള്ള ചേഷ്ട വ്യക്തമായി കാണപ്പെടുന്നു; ആ പ്രത്യേക ലക്ഷണത്താൽ തന്നെയാണ് അവരുടെ ഉയർന്ന സ്ഥാനം സ്വയം സ്ഥാപിതമാകുന്നത്.

Word by Word

• {'sthāvarebhyaḥ': 'than immobile beings

• from the class of stationary entities', 'viśiṣṭāni': 'superior, distinguished, higher', 'jaḍamāni': 'inert things

• insentient entities (often contrasted with sentient life)', 'upadhārayet': 'one should consider, ascertain, understand', 'upapannam': 'reasonable, well-founded, logically established', 'hi': 'indeed, for', 'yat': 'because/that which', 'ceṣṭā': 'movement, activity, purposeful exertion', 'viśiṣyet': 'is distinguished, becomes superior', 'viśeṣyayā': 'by a distinguishing feature

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches a graded view of existence: beings capable of movement and purposeful activity (ceṣṭā) are to be regarded as superior to immobile entities, and this superiority is justified by observable distinguishing characteristics.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa states a rational criterion for ranking forms of existence, using the presence of activity/motion as evidence for the higher status of moving, living beings over stationary ones.