Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 53

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

वर्तयत्येव पितरि पुत्र: प्रभवते तथा । अमित्रभृत्यतां प्राप्प ख्यापयन्त्यनपत्रपा:,बापके रहते ही बेटा मालिक बन बैठता है। वे शत्रुओंके सेवक बनकर अपने उस कर्मको निर्लज्जतापूर्वक दूसरोंके सामने कहते हैं

vartayatyeva pitari putraḥ prabhavate tathā | amitrabhṛtyatāṁ prāpya khyāpayanty anapatrapāḥ ||

പിതാവ് ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കെ തന്നെ പുത്രൻ യജമാനനെപ്പോലെ അധികാരം കാട്ടിത്തുടങ്ങുന്നു; ശത്രുക്കളുടെ ദാസ്യത്തിലേക്ക് വീണ ശേഷം, ലജ്ജയില്ലാത്തവർ ആ അപകീർത്തികരമായ പ്രവൃത്തിയെ മറ്റുള്ളവരുടെ മുമ്പിൽ തുറന്നുപറയുന്നു.

वर्तयतिconducts/behaves (towards), makes (someone) act
वर्तयति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तयति—णिच्)
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पितरिin/with regard to the father
पितरि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पुत्रःthe son
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभवतेbecomes powerful/prevails, becomes master
प्रभवते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू (प्र + भू)
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अमित्रभृत्यताम्the state of being a servant of enemies
अमित्रभृत्यताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र-भृत्यता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained/reached
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (प्र + आप्)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
ख्यापयन्तिproclaim/announce (to others)
ख्यापयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootख्यै (ख्यापयति—णिच्)
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अनपत्रपाःshameless/unabashed
अनपत्रपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनपत्रप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
F
father
S
son
E
enemies (amitra)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns two ethical failures: a son usurping authority while the father still lives, and people accepting servitude under enemies—then brazenly justifying it. It upholds dharma as loyalty, proper hierarchy, and moral shame that restrains dishonorable choices.

Śakra (Indra) is speaking in a didactic context within Śānti Parva, describing signs of moral and social decline: familial disrespect (the son acting as master over a living father) and political/ethical degradation (openly serving enemies without remorse).