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Shloka 28

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

असंतोष, संताप, शोक, लोभ और असहनशीलता--ये किसी कारणसे हों या अकारण -रजोगुणके चिह्न हैं |। अविवेकस्तथा मोह: प्रमाद: स्वप्नतन्द्रिता । कथंचिदपि वर्तन्ते विविधास्तामसा गुणा:

asantoṣaḥ santāpaḥ śoko lobhaś cāsahiṣṇutā—ete kāraṇato ’kāraṇato vā rajoguṇasya liṅgāni | avivekas tathā mohaḥ pramādaḥ svapna-tandritā | kathaṃcid api vartante vividhās tāmasā guṇāḥ ||

അവിവേകം, മോഹം, പ്രമാദം, നിദ്രയുടെ തന്ദ്രി—ഇങ്ങനെ വിവിധ താമസഗുണങ്ങൾ ഏതെങ്കിലും വിധത്തിൽ, ചിലപ്പോൾ കാരണത്താൽ, ചിലപ്പോൾ കാരണമില്ലാതെയും, തുടർച്ചയായി പ്രകടമാകുന്നു.

अविवेकःlack of discernment
अविवेकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविवेक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
मोहःdelusion
मोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमादःheedlessness
प्रमादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वप्नतन्द्रिताsleep and drowsiness
स्वप्नतन्द्रिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न-तन्द्रिता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथंचित्somehow/at times
कथंचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचित्
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वर्तन्तेoccur/are found
वर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
विविधाःvarious
विविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तामसाःtamasic
तामसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches diagnostic self-knowledge: discontent, distress, grief, greed, and intolerance indicate rajas, while non-discrimination, delusion, heedlessness, and torpor indicate tamas. By identifying these as guṇa-driven states, one can restrain them and cultivate steadier, more dharmic conduct.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhishma continues a didactic discussion on the guṇas (rajas and tamas), listing their observable psychological and ethical symptoms to guide the king’s governance of self and realm.