Shloka 1

अत-४_-णकात चतुर्देशाधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: ब्रह्मचर्य तथा वैराग्यसे मुक्ति भीष्म उवाच अत्रोपायं प्रवक्ष्यामि यथावच्छास्त्रचक्षुषा । तत्त्वज्ञानाच्चरन्‌ राजन प्राप्तुयात्परमां गतिम्‌,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! अब मैं तुम्हें शास्त्र-दृष्टिसे मोक्षका यथावत्‌ उपाय बताता हूँ। शास्त्रविहित कर्मोंका निष्कामभावसे आचरण करता हुआ मनुष्य तत्त्वज्ञानसे परमगतिको प्राप्त कर लेता है

bhīṣma uvāca | atropāyaṃ pravakṣyāmi yathāvacchāstracakṣuṣā | tattvajñānāccaran rājan prāpnuyāt paramāṃ gatim ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ രാജാവേ! ശാസ്ത്രദൃഷ്ടിയോടെ മോക്ഷത്തിലേക്കുള്ള യഥാവിധി ഉപായം ഞാൻ ഇപ്പോൾ പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു. ശാസ്ത്രവിഹിത കർമ്മങ്ങളെ നിഷ്കാമഭാവത്തോടെ ആചരിച്ച് തത്ത്വജ്ഞാനത്തിന്റെ പ്രകാശത്തിൽ ജീവിക്കുന്നവൻ പരമഗതി പ്രാപിക്കും.

अत्रhere/in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
उपायम्means/method
उपायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall explain
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथावत्properly/as it should be
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
शास्त्र-चक्षुषाwith the eye of scripture (scriptural insight)
शास्त्र-चक्षुषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्रचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तत्त्व-ज्ञानात्from/through knowledge of reality
तत्त्व-ज्ञानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्वज्ञान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
चरन्practising/observing (conducting oneself)
चरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राप्तुयात्may attain
प्राप्तुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
परमाम्supreme/highest
परमाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्goal/state/destination
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
Y
Yudhishthira (implied by 'rājan')
Ś
Śāstra (scriptural authority)
P
Paramā gati (supreme state, mokṣa)

Educational Q&A

Liberation is approached by following the scriptural path: performing prescribed duties without attachment and cultivating knowledge of reality (tattva-jñāna), which together lead to the supreme goal (paramā gati).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhishthira) and begins outlining the correct, scripture-grounded means to moksha, framing the discussion around disciplined conduct and true knowledge.