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Shloka 8

जनकस्य मोक्षमार्गप्रश्नः तथा पञ्चशिखोपदेश-प्रस्तावः | Janaka’s Path to Liberation: Prelude to Pañcaśikha’s Instruction

अव्यक्तनाभं व्यक्तारं विकारपरिमण्डलम्‌ । क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितं चक्र स्निग्धाक्षं वर्तते ध्रुवम्‌,यह जन्म-मरणका प्रवाहरूप संसार चक्रके समान घूम रहा है। अव्यक्त उसकी नाभि है। व्यक्त (देह और इन्द्रिय आदि) उसके अरे हैं। सुख-दुःख, इच्छा आदि विकार इसकी नेमि हैं। आसक्ति धुरा है। यह चक्र निश्चितरूपसे घूमता रहता है। क्षेत्रज्ञ (जीवात्मा) इस चक्रपर चालक बनकर बैठा हुआ है

Bhīṣma uvāca: avyaktanābhaṃ vyaktāraṃ vikāraparimaṇḍalam | kṣetrajñādhiṣṭhitaṃ cakraṃ snigdhākṣaṃ vartate dhruvam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഈ സംസാരചക്രം ഉറപ്പോടെ, ഇടവിടാതെ തിരിയുന്നു. അവ്യക്തം അതിന്റെ നാഭി; വ്യക്തരൂപങ്ങൾ—ദേഹം, ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങൾ മുതലായവ—അതിന്റെ അരം; സുഖദുഃഖം, ഇച്ഛ മുതലായ വികാരങ്ങൾ അതിന്റെ വലം; ആസക്തി അതിന്റെ അക്ഷം. ക്ഷേത്രജ്ഞൻ (ജീവാത്മാവ്) അതിൽ സാരഥിപോലെ അധിഷ്ഠിതനാണ്. ഇങ്ങനെ ജനനമരണപ്രവാഹം ചുറ്റിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.

अव्यक्तनाभम्having the unmanifest as its navel
अव्यक्तनाभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त-नाभि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यक्तारम्having the manifest as its spokes
व्यक्तारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त-अर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विकारपरिमण्डलम्whose rim/circumference is (made of) modifications
विकारपरिमण्डलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविकार-परिमण्डल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्presided over/inhabited by the knower of the field
क्षेत्रज्ञाधिष्ठितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ-अधिष्ठित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चक्रम्wheel
चक्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्निग्धाक्षम्having a smooth/greased axle
स्निग्धाक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्निग्ध-अक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्ततेturns/continues to revolve
वर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
ध्रुवम्certainly/steadily
ध्रुवम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootध्रुव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṣetrajña (the individual self)
S
saṃsāra-cakra (wheel of transmigration)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents saṃsāra as a wheel driven by attachment: the unmanifest ground becomes manifest experience, producing changing states like pleasure, pain, and desire. The kṣetrajña (self) is implicated as the ‘driver’ so long as it identifies with the wheel; freedom lies in discerning this mechanism and loosening attachment.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on liberation-oriented dharma. Here he uses a vivid metaphor—the wheel—to explain how embodied life revolves through birth and death under the forces of manifestation and mental modifications.