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Shloka 32

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

रसज्ञाने तु जिद्देयं व्याहृते वाक्‌ तथोच्यते । इन्द्रियैविविधैर्युक्त सर्व व्यक्त मनस्तथा

rasajñāne tu jiddeyaṃ vyāhṛte vāk tathocyate | indriyai vividhair yuktaṃ sarvaṃ vyaktaṃ manas tathā ||

രസത്തെ അറിയുന്ന വേളയിൽ അതേ മനസ്സ് ജിഹ്വയായി പറയപ്പെടുന്നു; അത് ഉച്ചരിക്കപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ അതേ മനസ്സ് വാക്ക് എന്നും വിളിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. വിവിധ ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങളോടു ചേർന്ന് എന്തെല്ലാം വ്യക്തമാകുന്നുവോ, അത് മനസ്സിന്റെ സംയോഗത്തിലൂടെയാണ് തെളിയുന്നത്.

रसज्ञानेin the knowledge of taste/essence
रसज्ञाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरसज्ञान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
जिद्देयम्to be conquered/overcome
जिद्देयम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजिद्देय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्याहृतेwhen uttered / in the uttered (sound)
व्याहृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याहृत
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाक्speech
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उच्यतेis said/is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
इन्द्रियैःby/with the senses
इन्द्रियैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
विविधैःvarious
विविधैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तम्connected/endowed
युक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all/entire
सर्वम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्यक्तम्manifest/expressed
व्यक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
vāk (speech)
I
indriya (the senses)
M
manas (mind)
R
rasa (taste)

Educational Q&A

Perception and expression depend on instruments like the senses, speech, and mind; what becomes ‘manifest’ in experience is tied to these faculties, while the teaching implicitly distinguishes the inner knowing principle from the changing operations of sense and mind.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma continues instructing Yudhishthira on dharma and higher understanding. Here he explains how cognition (e.g., taste), utterance (speech), and mental activity relate to the senses and mind, as part of a broader discourse on the constituents of experience and the path to discernment.