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Shloka 109

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

स्वधर्म: परिपाल्यस्तु राज्ञामिति विनिश्चय: । विप्रधर्मश्ष गहनो मामनात्मानमाविशत्‌,राजाओंको अपने धर्मका पालन करना चाहिये, यही शास्त्रका सिद्धान्त है। इधर मुझ अजितात्माके भीतर गहन ब्राह्मणधर्मने प्रवेश किया है

svadharmaḥ paripālyas tu rājñām iti viniścayaḥ | vipradharmaś ca gahano mām anātmānam āviśat ||

ശാസ്ത്രനിശ്ചയം—രാജാക്കന്മാർ തങ്ങളുടെ സ്വധർമ്മം പാലിക്കണം. എന്നാൽ ആത്മനിയന്ത്രണം നേടാത്ത എന്നിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണധർമ്മത്തിന്റെ ഈ ഗഹനവും ദുഷ്കരവും ആയ ഭാഗം പ്രവേശിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.

स्वधर्मःone's own duty
स्वधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिपाल्यःto be protected/maintained (ought to be observed)
परिपाल्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि+पाल्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विनिश्चयःdecision; settled conclusion
विनिश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विप्रधर्मःthe duty of a brahmin
विप्रधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गहनःdeep; hard to fathom
गहनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगहन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अनात्मानम्one without self-control
अनात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आविशत्entered; came upon
आविशत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ+विश्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (Brāhmaṇa)
राजा/राज्ञः (king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

The verse affirms the principle of svadharma: rulers must uphold the duties proper to kingship (rājadharma). At the same time, it highlights how brāhmaṇa-dharma is subtle and demanding, requiring inner discipline; without self-mastery, even a noble dharma can feel overpowering or difficult to sustain.

A brāhmaṇa speaker reflects on a tension between role-based duty: the established rule that kings should follow rājadharma, and his own inner pull toward the deep, rigorous brāhmaṇa-dharma. He admits personal lack of self-control, suggesting an internal struggle as this higher, more austere ethical code ‘enters’ and challenges him.