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Shloka 27

मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः

Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature

प्रीति: सत्त्वं रज: शोकस्तमो मोहस्तु ते त्रय: । ये ये च भावा लोके5स्मिन्‌ सर्वेष्वेतेषु वै त्रिषु,प्रसन्नता या हर्ष सत्त्वगगुणका कार्य है, शोक रजोगुणरूप है और मोह तमोगुणरूप। इस संसारमें जो-जो भाव हैं, वे सब इन्हीं तीनोंके अन्तर्गत हैं

prītiḥ sattvaṁ rajaḥ śokas tamo mohas tu te trayaḥ | ye ye ca bhāvā loke 'smin sarveṣv eteṣu vai triṣu ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— പ്രീതി/ഹർഷം സത്ത്വഗുണത്തിന്റേതാണ്; ശോകം രജോഗുണത്തിന്റേതാണ്; മോഹം തമോഗുണത്തിന്റേതാണ്—ഇവ മൂന്നും. ഈ ലോകത്തിൽ ഉദിക്കുന്ന ഏതു മാനസികാവസ്ഥകളും ഈ മൂന്നിനുള്ളിലേ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു. അതിനാൽ വികാരങ്ങളെ പരമസത്യമെന്നല്ല, ഗുണങ്ങളുടെ ചലനമെന്നായി ഗ്രഹിച്ച്, ധർമ്മാനുസൃതമായി ജീവിക്കാൻ സത്ത്വത്തിന്റെ തെളിമ വളർത്തണം.

प्रीतिःjoy/affection (delight)
प्रीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva (purity/clarity)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas (passion/activity)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शोकःsorrow/grief
शोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तमःtamas (darkness/inertia)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मोहःdelusion/confusion
मोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तेthey (these)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich/whatever (those who/that)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich/whatever
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भावाःstates/conditions/feelings
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सर्वेषुin all (of them)
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
एतेषुin these
एतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वैindeed/verily
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
त्रिषुin (these) three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

All emotional and mental states (bhāvas) can be understood as expressions of the three guṇas: joy/affection aligns with sattva, grief with rajas, and delusion with tamas. Ethical cultivation involves increasing sattva—clarity and balance—so one is less driven by agitation (rajas) or confusion (tamas).

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on conduct and inner discipline, Bhishma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira a framework for interpreting human emotions. He classifies common experiences—happiness, sorrow, and delusion—under the three guṇas, presenting a practical lens for self-governance and dharmic living.