Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 15

Adhyāya 189: Japa—Inquiry into the Jāpaka, Method

Vidhi), and Fruit (Phala

इत्येते चतुरो वर्णा येषां ब्राह्मी सरस्वती | विहिता ब्रह्मुणा पूर्व लोभात्‌ _त्वज्ञानतां गता:

ity ete caturo varṇā yeṣāṃ brāhmī sarasvatī | vihitā brahmuṇā pūrvaṃ lobhāt tv ajñānatāṃ gatāḥ ||

ഇങ്ങനെ നാലു വർണ്ണങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ടായി—അവർക്കായി ബ്രഹ്മാവ് മുൻപേ ബ്രാഹ്മീ സരസ്വതി, അഥവാ വേദവാണി, വിധിച്ചിരുന്നതാണ്. എന്നാൽ ലോഭത്തിന്റെ ബലത്തിൽ അവർ അജ്ഞാനാവസ്ഥയിൽ പതിച്ച് വേദാധ്യയനത്തിന് അനർഹരായി.

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःclasses/varṇas
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येषाम्of whom/for whom
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
ब्राह्मीBrahmī (pertaining to Brahmā)
ब्राह्मी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootब्राह्मी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सरस्वतीSarasvatī / sacred speech (Vedic utterance)
सरस्वती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसरस्वती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विहिताordained/established
विहिता:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मणाby Brahmā
ब्रह्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly/earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
लोभात्from greed / due to greed
लोभात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अज्ञानताम्ignorance (state of not-knowing)
अज्ञानताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञानता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhaving gone / having attained
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formक्त (past active participle, used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
B
Brahmā
S
Sarasvatī
V
Veda (implied by brāhmī sarasvatī)

Educational Q&A

The verse links access to sacred knowledge with ethical disposition: greed (lobha) is portrayed as a cause of falling into ignorance (ajñāna), implying that moral failings obstruct spiritual and intellectual eligibility for Vedic learning.

Bharadvāja is explaining a doctrinal account of the four varṇas and the prior establishment of ‘brāhmī sarasvatī’—Vedic speech—by Brahmā, then noting a decline into ignorance due to greed, framed as a loss of qualification for Vedic study.