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Shloka 21

भृगु–भरद्वाजसंवादः: वर्णभेदस्य कर्माधारितव्याख्या

Bhrigu–Bharadvaja Dialogue: A Karma-Based Account of Varṇa

अकार्यमिति चैवेम॑ नात्मानं संत्यजाम्यहम्‌ । नात:ः पापीयसीं योनिं पतेयमपरामिति

akāryam iti caivemaṁ nātmānaṁ saṁtyajāmy aham | nātaḥ pāpīyasīṁ yoniṁ pateyam aparām iti ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ‘ഇത് അധർമ്മകൃത്യം’ എന്നു അറിഞ്ഞിട്ടും ഞാൻ എന്റെ ജീവൻ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുന്നില്ല. അങ്ങനെ ചെയ്താൽ ഈ നിലയിൽ നിന്ന് വീണു ഇതിലും അധികം പാപമയമായ മറ്റൊരു യോനിയിൽ ജനിക്കേണ്ടിവരുമോ എന്ന ഭയം എനിക്ക് ഉണ്ട്.

अकार्यम्an improper act / a thing not to be done
अकार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मानम्oneself / the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संत्यजामिI abandon / I give up
संत्यजामि:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-त्यज्
FormPresent (Lat), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतःfrom this / hence
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
पापीयसीम्more sinful / worse
पापीयसीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपापीयस्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, Comparative
योनिम्womb; birth; state of existence
योनिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पतेयम्I might fall
पतेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपराम्another (different)
अपराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Self-destruction is treated as adharma: even in suffering, one should not abandon life out of despair, because such an act carries moral consequence and may lead to a worse rebirth. The verse frames restraint as an ethical duty grounded in accountability across lives.

In the Śānti discourse, Bhīṣma explains why he does not give up his life: he recognizes suicide as an improper act and fears the karmic result—falling into a more sinful state of birth—thereby reinforcing dharma-based endurance.