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Shloka 21

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

धानामुष्टेरिहार्थश्वेत्‌ प्रतिज्ञा ते विनश्यति । का वाहं तव को मे त्वं कश्न ते मय्यनुग्रह:,“यदि यहाँ मुद्दीभर जौकी आवश्यकता बनी ही रह गयी तो सब कुछ त्याग देनेकी जो आपने प्रतिज्ञा की थी, वह नष्ट हो गयी। (सर्वत्यागी हो जानेपर) मैं आपकी कौन हूँ और आप मेरे कौन हैं तथा आपका मुझपर अनुग्रह भी क्या है?

dhānāmuṣṭer ihārthaś cet pratijñā te vinaśyati | kā vāhaṃ tava ko me tvaṃ kaś ca te mayy anugrahaḥ ||

ഇവിടെയും നിനക്ക് ഒരു മുഷ്ടി ധാന്യത്തിന്റെ ആവശ്യം ശേഷിക്കുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, എല്ലാം ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുമെന്ന നിന്റെ പ്രതിജ്ഞ നശിച്ചു. നീ സത്യത്തിൽ സർവ്വത്യാഗിയാണെങ്കിൽ, ഞാൻ നിനക്ക് ആരാണ്, നീ എനിക്ക് ആരാണ്, പിന്നെ എനിക്കുള്ള നിന്റെ ‘അനുഗ്രഹ’ത്തിന് അർത്ഥമെന്ത്?

धानामुष्टेःof a handful of grain
धानामुष्टेः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधानामुष्टि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
अर्थःneed/purpose
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
प्रतिज्ञाvow/promise
प्रतिज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तेyour
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
विनश्यतिperishes/is ruined
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
काwho (f.)
का:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वाindeed/or
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
कःwho (m.)
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेmy/of me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
कःwhat/who
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुthen/indeed (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
तेyour
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मयिin/on me
मयि:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormLocative, Singular
अनुग्रहःfavor/grace
अनुग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna

Educational Q&A

A vow of total renunciation must be internally consistent: if one still clings to even a trivial need or possession, the ethical force of the renunciant’s promise collapses. Arjuna uses the ‘handful of grain’ as a test of genuine detachment and questions the meaning of social bonds and ‘favor’ when renunciation is claimed but not lived.

Arjuna challenges someone who has professed complete abandonment of worldly ties. Pointing to the continued need for a small amount of grain, he argues that the person’s earlier vow to give up everything has effectively failed, and he therefore questions what relationship or obligation can remain between them, and what value any claimed benevolence toward Arjuna can have.