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Shloka 40

Śānti-parva 168: Śoka-nivṛtti-buddhi (The Cognition that Reduces Grief) and Piṅgalā’s Nairāśya

धर्मार्थकामा: सममेव सेव्या यो होकभक्त: स नरो जघन्य: । तयोस्तु दाक्ष्यं प्रवदन्ति मध्य॑ स उत्तमो यो5भिरतस्त्रिवर्गे

dharmārthakāmāḥ samam eva sevyā yo hy ekabhaktaḥ sa naro jaghanyaḥ | tayos tu dākṣyaṁ pravadanti madhyaḥ sa uttamo yo 'bhiratas trivarge ||

എന്റെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ ധർമ്മം, അർത്ഥം, കാമം—ഈ മൂന്നും സമതുലിതമായി ഒരുമിച്ച് പിന്തുടരണം. ഇവയിൽ ഒന്നിനേ മാത്രം ഭക്തനായവൻ അധമൻ; രണ്ടെണ്ണം പിന്തുടരുന്നതിൽ നിപുണൻ മധ്യമൻ; ത്രിവർഗ്ഗത്തിലും സമമായി രതനായവൻ തന്നെയാണ് ഉത്തമൻ.

धर्मार्थकामाःdharma, artha and kāma (the three aims)
धर्मार्थकामाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म + अर्थ + काम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समम्equally
समम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सेव्याःto be pursued/served
सेव्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसेव्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, gerundive (तव्यत्), passive sense
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकin one (alone)
एक:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
भक्तःdevoted
भक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नरःman
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जघन्यःlowest/base
जघन्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजघन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तयोःof the two (of them)
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दाक्ष्यम्skill/proficiency
दाक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदाक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवदन्तिthey declare/say
प्रवदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मध्यम्middling/medium (rank)
मध्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमःbest/excellent
उत्तमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिरतःengaged/attached
अभिरतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, past participle (क्त) from √रम् with उपसर्ग अभि
त्रिवर्गेin the triad (of aims)
त्रिवर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीमयेन उवाच

B
Bhīma (speaker)

Educational Q&A

Human excellence lies in a balanced pursuit of the three aims—dharma (right conduct), artha (material well-being), and kāma (legitimate enjoyment). Exclusive fixation on only one aim is criticized as inferior; competence in two is middling; equal engagement with all three is praised as best.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Bhīma articulates a practical ethical standard for living after the war: rather than extreme renunciation or single-goal obsession, one should integrate duty, prosperity, and desire in proper proportion.