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Shloka 34

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

सुरापान ब्रह्म॒हत्या गुरुतल्पमथापि वा । अनिर्देश्यानि मन्यन्ते प्राणान्‍्तमिति धारणा

surāpāna-brahmahatyā guru-talpam athāpi vā | anirdeśyāni manyante prāṇāntam iti dhāraṇā ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—സുരാപാനം, ബ്രഹ്മഹത്യ, ഗുരുതൽപഭംഗം (അഥവാ ഗുരുപത്നിയോടുള്ള ലൈംഗിക അതിക്രമം)—ഇവയ്ക്ക് സാധാരണ പ്രായശ്ചിത്തം നിർദ്ദേശിക്കാനാവില്ലെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു. പണ്ഡിതരുടെ ധാരണ പ്രകാരം, ഇവയുടെ പ്രായശ്ചിത്തം പ്രാണാന്തം—അഥവാ ഏതെങ്കിലും വിധത്തിൽ സ്വന്തം ജീവൻ അവസാനിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുതന്നെ.

{'surāpāna''drinking surā
{'surāpāna':
consumption of intoxicating liquor', 'brahmahatyā''killing of a brāhmaṇa
consumption of intoxicating liquor', 'brahmahatyā':
brahmin-slaying (a major sin)', 'guru-talpam''the guru’s bed
brahmin-slaying (a major sin)', 'guru-talpam':
euphemism for adultery with the teacher’s wife', 'athāpi vā''or even
euphemism for adultery with the teacher’s wife', 'athāpi vā':
and also', 'anirdeśyāni''not to be specified/prescribed
and also', 'anirdeśyāni':
beyond (ordinary) prescription', 'manyante''they consider
beyond (ordinary) prescription', 'manyante':
they hold (opinion)', 'prāṇāntam''the end of life
they hold (opinion)', 'prāṇāntam':
death', 'iti''thus
death', 'iti':
in this manner', 'dhāraṇā''view, conviction, doctrinal position'}
in this manner', 'dhāraṇā':

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
G
guru (teacher)
G
guru-patnī (teacher’s wife)
B
brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma classifies certain acts—liquor-drinking, brāhmaṇa-slaying, and violating the guru’s bed—as mahāpātakas so grave that ordinary ritual expiations are considered inadequate; some authorities therefore regard death (self-ending) as the only expiation.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on moral law and penance, explaining how traditional authorities evaluate the heaviest transgressions and what they deem to be their (non-)expiability.