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Shloka 9

संधेयासंधेय-पुरुषनिर्णयः (Criteria for Allies and Non-Allies) — with the opening of the Gautama narrative

न दुष्करतं दानान्नातिमातरमाश्रय: । त्रैविद्येभ्य: परं नास्ति संन्यास: परम तप:,दानसे बढ़कर कोई दुष्कर धर्म नहीं है, माताकी सेवासे बड़ा कोई दूसरा आश्रय नहीं है, तीनों वेदोंके विद्वानोंसे श्रेष्ठ कोई विद्वान्‌ नहीं है और संन्यास सबसे बड़ा तप है

na duṣkarataṁ dānān nātimātaram āśrayaḥ | traividyebhyaḥ paraṁ nāsti saṁnyāsaḥ paramaḥ tapaḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദാനത്തേക്കാൾ ദുഷ്കരമായ ധർമ്മമില്ല; മാതൃസേവയെക്കാൾ വലിയ ആശ്രയമില്ല; ത്രൈവಿದ್ಯ (മൂന്നു വേദങ്ങൾ) അറിയുന്നവരെക്കാൾ ശ്രേഷ്ഠ പണ്ഡിതനില്ല; സന്ന്യാസം തന്നെയാണ് പരമ തപസ്.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुष्करतंmore difficult (thing)
दुष्करतं:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
Formneuter, nominative, singular
दानात्than giving/charity
दानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
Formneuter, ablative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतिमातरम्a greater mother (i.e., one beyond the mother)
अतिमातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिमातर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
आश्रयःrefuge/support
आश्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
त्रैविद्येभ्यःthan the knowers of the three Vedas
त्रैविद्येभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैविद्य
Formmasculine, ablative, plural
परम्higher/superior (thing/person)
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formneuter, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent, third, singular, parasmaipada
संन्यासःrenunciation
संन्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंन्यास
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
परमःsupreme
परमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तपःausterity/penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mātṛ (mother)
T
trayī (the three Vedas)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a hierarchy of dharmic excellences: giving is the hardest virtue to practice; serving one’s mother is the greatest refuge; mastery of the three Vedas is the highest learning; and renunciation is the supreme austerity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war, summarizing key ethical ideals that sustain personal and social order.