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Shloka 14

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

आश्रमेषु चतुर्ष्वाहुर्दममेवोत्तमं व्रतम्‌ । तस्य लिड्डानि वक्ष्यामि येषां समुदयों दम:,चारों आश्रमोंमें दमको ही उत्तम व्रत बताया गया है। अब मैं इन्द्रिय-दमन एवं मनोनिग्रहके उन लक्षणोंको बताऊँगा, जिनका उदय होना ही दम कहा गया है

āśrameṣu caturṣv āhur damaṃ evottamaṃ vratam | tasya liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣāṃ samudayo damaḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—നാലു ആശ്രമങ്ങളിലും ദമം തന്നെയാണ് ഉത്തമ വ്രതമെന്ന് ജ്ഞാനികൾ പറയുന്നു. ഇനി അതിന്റെ ലക്ഷണങ്ങൾ ഞാൻ പറയും—അവയുടെ ഉദയവും സ്ഥിരതയും തന്നെയാണ് ‘ദമം’, അഥവാ ഇന്ദ്രിയ-മനോനിയന്ത്രണം.

आश्रमेषुin the āśramas (stages of life)
आश्रमेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चतुर्षुin (all) four
चतुर्षु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
आहुःthey have said / call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
दमम्self-control
दमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed / alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
उत्तमम्best
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्रतम्vow / observance
व्रतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof that (self-control)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
लिङ्गानिmarks / characteristics
लिङ्गानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
वक्ष्यामिI shall tell
वक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
येषाम्of which / whose
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
समुदयःarising / occurrence
समुदयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमुदय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

That self-restraint (dama)—mastery over the senses and mind—is the supreme vow applicable across all four āśramas, and it is recognized by specific observable traits that Bhīṣma is about to enumerate.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma continues his ethical discourse and introduces a focused teaching: he elevates dama as the highest discipline for every stage of life and prepares to list the signs by which genuine self-restraint is known.