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Shloka 53

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

अथवास्तंगते सूर्ये संध्धाकाल उपस्थिते । ततो नेष्यथ वा पुत्रमिहस्था वा भविष्यथ,अच्छा, इतना ही करो कि जबतक सूर्य अस्त न हो और संध्याकाल उपस्थित न हो जाय, तबतक यहाँ रुके रहो; फिर अपने इस पुत्रको साथ ले जाना अथवा यहीं बैठे रहना

athavāstaṅgate sūrye sandhyākāla upasthite | tato neṣyatha vā putram ihasthā vā bhaviṣyatha ||

ജംബൂകൻ പറഞ്ഞു—അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇങ്ങനെ ചെയ്യുക: സൂര്യൻ അസ്തമിക്കുന്നതുവരെ, സന്ധ്യാകാലം എത്തുന്നതുവരെ ഇവിടെ തന്നെ നിൽക്കുക; പിന്നെ ഈ പുത്രനെ കൂട്ടിക്കൊണ്ടുപോകുകയോ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ഇവിടെ തന്നെ ഇരിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുക.

अथवाor else
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
अस्तंगतेwhen (he) has set
अस्तंगते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्तंगत
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूर्येin/at the sun (i.e., when the sun)
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
संध्याकालेat twilight-time
संध्याकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्याकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
उपस्थितेwhen (it is) present/arrived
उपस्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्थित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
नेष्यथyou will lead/take
नेष्यथ:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Second, Plural, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
स्थाःstay (you all)!
स्थाः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormImperative (Loṭ), Second, Plural, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भविष्यथyou will be / you will remain
भविष्यथ:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Second, Plural, Parasmaipada

जम्बुक उवाच

जम्बुक (Jambuka)
सूर्य (the Sun)
संध्याकाल (twilight time)
पुत्र (the boy/son)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes restraint and careful timing: at a sensitive juncture (sunset/twilight), one should pause and then decide responsibly—either to take the child away or to remain—rather than act impulsively.

Jambuka addresses others and proposes a conditional plan tied to sunset and twilight: they should wait until that time arrives, and then choose between two courses of action regarding the boy—taking him along or staying there.