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Shloka 57

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

प्रलाप: सुमहान्‌ कस्मात्‌ क्रियते शोकमूर्च्छितै: । यदि काल: प्रमाणं ते कस्माद्‌ धर्मोडस्ति कर्तृषु,यदि आप कालको ही प्रमाण मानते हैं तो शोकसे मूर्च्छित हुए प्राणी क्यों महान्‌ प्रलाप एवं हाहाकार करते हैं? फिर कर्म करनेवालोंके लिये विधि-निषेधरूपी धर्मके पालनका नियम क्यों रखा गया है?

pralāpaḥ sumahān kasmāt kriyate śokamūrcchitaiḥ | yadi kālaḥ pramāṇaṃ te kasmād dharmo 'sti kartṛṣu ||

നിനക്കു കാലം മാത്രമേ അന്തിമ പ്രമാണമാകുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, ദുഃഖത്തിൽ മൂർഛിച്ചവർ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് ഇങ്ങനെ മഹാവിലാപവും ഹാഹാകാരവും ഉയർത്തുന്നു? പിന്നെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നവർക്കായി എന്ത് ചെയ്യണം, എന്ത് ചെയ്യരുത് എന്ന ധർമ്മവിധി-നിഷേധം എന്തിന് നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു?

प्रलापःlamentation, wailing
प्रलापः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
क्रियतेis done/is made
क्रियते:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
शोकमूर्च्छितैःby those fainted/overcome with grief
शोकमूर्च्छितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक-मूर्च्छित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
कालःtime, fate
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाणम्authority, standard, proof
प्रमाणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
कस्मात्from what cause? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; rule of duty/prohibition
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis, exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कर्तृषुamong doers/agents
कर्तृषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

B
Brahmadatta

Educational Q&A

The verse challenges a purely fatalistic view (“Time alone decides everything”). If everything is only Time’s doing, then human grief, blame, praise, and especially moral injunctions (dharma as do’s and don’ts) lose their meaning. The implied teaching is that ethical agency and responsibility must be acknowledged alongside any role attributed to Time.

Brahmadatta is arguing in a reflective, philosophical exchange typical of the Śānti Parva. He questions an interlocutor’s reliance on Kāla (Time) as the sole explanation for events, pointing to ordinary human reactions (intense lamentation in grief) and the very existence of dharma for agents as evidence that human choice and moral accountability are treated as real.