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Shloka 19

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

सहसंजातवृद्धस्य तथैव सहभोजिन: । शरणागतस्य च वधस्त्रिविधं होव पातकम्‌,“जो साथ ही पैदा हुआ और साथ ही पाला-पोसा गया हो, साथ ही भोजन करता हो और शरणमें आकर रहता हो, ऐसे व्यक्तिका वध करनेसे उपर्युक्त तीन प्रकारका पातक लगता है”

saha-saṃjāta-vṛddhasya tathaiva saha-bhojinaḥ | śaraṇāgatasya ca vadhas trividhaṃ hova pātakam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഒപ്പം ജനിച്ചു ഒപ്പം വളർന്നവനെയും, ഒപ്പം ഭക്ഷണം പങ്കിട്ടവനെയും, ശരണം തേടി വന്നവനെയും കൊല്ലുന്നത് ത്രിവിധ പാതകമെന്ന് പ്രഖ്യാപിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു.

सहtogether/with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
संजातborn (having been born)
संजात:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√जन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वृद्धस्यof one who has been brought up/raised
वृद्धस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सहtogether/with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
भोजिनःof one who eats (with someone); table-companion
भोजिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootभोजिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शरणrefuge
शरण:
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आगतस्यof one who has come (to)
आगतस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√गम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वधःkilling/slaying
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिविधम्threefold
त्रिविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
होindeed (emphatic particle)
हो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहो
वैindeed/truly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पातकम्sin/offence
पातकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपातक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that killing a person bound to you by intimate social and moral ties—shared birth/upbringing, shared food, and especially refuge—constitutes a compounded (threefold) moral transgression, because it breaks multiple layers of dharma: loyalty, hospitality, and the duty to protect the surrendered.

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma-instruction, Bhishma is laying down ethical rules for conduct. Here he specifies a grave prohibition: the slaying of a close associate and a refuge-seeker is not a single fault but a triple pātaka, emphasizing the heightened culpability when trust and protection are violated.