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Shloka 31

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

राजा राष्ट्र यथा55पत्सु द्रव्यौघैरपि रक्षति । राष्ट्रेण राजा व्यसने रक्षितव्यस्तथा भवेत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | rājā rāṣṭraṃ yathāpattsu dravyaughair api rakṣati | rāṣṭreṇa rājā vyasane rakṣitavyas tathā bhavet ||

പ്രജകൾക്ക് ആപത്ത് വന്നാൽ രാജാവ് ധനപ്രവാഹം ചെലവഴിച്ചാലും അവരെ സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ, രാജാവിന് ദുരിതം വന്നാൽ രാജ്യത്തിലെ പ്രജകളും അവനെ അതുപോലെ സംരക്ഷിക്കണം.

राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राष्ट्रम्kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आपत्सुin calamities
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
द्रव्यौघैःwith streams/heaps of wealth
द्रव्यौघैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रव्य-ओघ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राष्ट्रेणby the kingdom/by the people (of the realm)
राष्ट्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यसनेin distress/misfortune
व्यसने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रक्षितव्यःshould be protected
रक्षितव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
भवेत्should be/ought to be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
K
kingdom/realm (rāṣṭra)
W
wealth (dravya)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches reciprocity in rajadharma: the king must protect the people even at great material cost, and the people (the realm) must in turn protect the king when he faces adversity. Stability of the state rests on mutual duty rather than one-sided entitlement.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira on the duties binding ruler and subjects. He frames the relationship as a two-way protective bond: royal guardianship in public crises and public support in royal crises.