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Shloka 19

आपद्धर्मे कोशबलन्यायः | Treasury, Force, and Crisis-Ethics for the King

तमनुध्यान्तमालक्ष्य राजा परमदुर्मना: । उवाच वाकयं दीनात्मा मन्दं मन्दमिवासकृत्‌,उनको चिन्तन करते देख परम दुखी हुए नरेश दीनहृदय हो मन्द-मन्द वाणीमें बारंबार इस प्रकार कहने लगे--

tam anudhyāntam ālakṣya rājā paramadurmanāḥ | uvāca vākyam dīnātmā mandaṁ mandam ivāsakṛt ||

അവനെ ധ്യാനത്തിൽ ലീനനായി കണ്ടപ്പോൾ രാജാവ് അത്യന്തം വ്യാകുലനായി. ദുഃഖഭാരിതമായ ഹൃദയത്തോടെ, മന്ദമായ സ്വരത്തിൽ, ശോകം മൂലം ഇടറുന്നതുപോലെ, അദ്ദേഹം വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞു തുടങ്ങി.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुध्यान्तम्meditating, contemplating
अनुध्यान्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootअनुध्यायिन् (अनु-√ध्यै)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
आलक्ष्यhaving noticed/observed
आलक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√लक्ष्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमदुर्मनाःextremely dejected/sorrowful
परमदुर्मनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम-दुर्मनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाक्यम्a speech/word
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दीनात्माof distressed heart; wretched-souled
दीनात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन-आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्दम्softly, gently
मन्दम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमन्द
मन्दम्softly, gently
मन्दम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमन्द
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
असकृत्repeatedly, again and again
असकृत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसकृत्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of reflection and the human response to it: when one is seen deeply contemplating (often about duty, loss, or right conduct), it can stir profound remorse or concern in others. It sets a tone of humility and seriousness before moral instruction is given.

Bhīṣma notes that the king, noticing someone absorbed in contemplation, becomes deeply sorrowful and repeatedly addresses him in a subdued voice—signaling an emotionally charged moment that precedes further questioning or counsel.