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Shloka 1

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

ऑपन--माज बक। अकाल ३-विगत: अवहार: धर्मस्य येन स: व्यवहार:”। दूर हो गया है धर्मका अवहार (लोप) जिसके द्वारा

bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam | aṅgeṣu rājā dyutimān vasuhoma iti śrutaḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഈ വിഷയത്തിലും അറിവുള്ളവർ ഒരു പുരാതന ചരിത്രദൃഷ്ടാന്തം ഉദ്ധരിക്കുന്നു. അതും കേൾക്കുക. അങ്ഗദേശത്ത് ‘വസുഹോമ’ എന്ന പേരിൽ പ്രസിദ്ധനായ ഒരു ദീപ്തിമാൻ രാജാവ് ഒരിക്കൽ ഭരിച്ചു.

अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उदाहरन्तिthey cite, they adduce
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ
FormLat (present indicative), 3, plural, Parasmaipada
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
इतिहासम्story, historical account
इतिहासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
पुरातनम्ancient
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अङ्गेषुin the Aṅgas (in Aṅga country)
अङ्गेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
Formneuter, locative, plural
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
द्युतिमान्splendid, radiant
द्युतिमान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्युतिमत्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वसुहोमःVasuhoma (proper name)
वसुहोमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसुहोम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus, as
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुतःwas heard of, was known (as)
श्रुतः:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formkta (past passive participle), masculine, nominative, singular, passive (PPP)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
Vasuhoma
A
Aṅga (Anga country)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames the discussion of daṇḍa (punitive authority) through an instructive ancient example, implying that ethical governance and the preservation of dharma are best understood via precedents from exemplary kings.

Bhishma begins an old story to explain the topic at hand: he introduces an ancient account set in Aṅga, where an illustrious king named Vasuhoma ruled, setting the stage for a lesson about daṇḍa and royal duty.