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Shloka 52

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

अनीतिजं यस्य विधानजं सुखं हठप्रणीतं विधिवत्प्रदृश्यते । न विद्यते तस्य गतिर्महीपते- न विद्यते राज्यसुखं हानुत्तमम्‌,जिन्हें अन्यायसे उपार्जित, हठसे प्राप्त तथा दैवके विधानके अनुसार उपलब्ध हुआ सुख विधिके अनुरूप प्राप्त हुआ-सा दिखायी देता है, राजधर्मको न जाननेवाले उस राजाकी कहीं गति नहीं है तथा उसका परम उत्तम राज्यसुख चिरस्थायी नहीं होता

anītijaṁ yasya vidhānajaṁ sukhaṁ haṭhapraṇītaṁ vidhivatpradṛśyate | na vidyate tasya gatir mahīpate na vidyate rājyasukhaṁ hy anuttamam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ മഹീപതേ! അധർമ്മത്തിൽ നിന്നു ജനിച്ച, ബലവും ഹഠവുംകൊണ്ട് നേടിയ സുഖം ദൈവവിധാനത്താൽ നിയമാനുസൃതമായി ലഭിച്ചതുപോലെ തോന്നിയാലും, രാജധർമ്മം യഥാർത്ഥത്തിൽ അറിയാത്ത അത്തരം ഭരണാധികാരിക്ക് ശുഭഗതി ഇല്ല; അവന്റെ പരമോന്നതമെന്നു തോന്നുന്ന രാജസുഖവും നിലനിൽക്കുകയില്ല.

अनीतिजम्born of unrighteousness; unjustly obtained
अनीतिजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनीतिज
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विधानजम्arising from ordinance/fate; produced by dispensation
विधानजम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविधानज
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुखम्happiness, pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हठप्रणीतम्brought about by force; forcibly procured
हठप्रणीतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहठ-प्र-नीत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विधिवत्according to rule; duly
विधिवत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधिवत्
प्रदृश्यतेis seen/appears
प्रदृश्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दृश्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
गतिःcourse; destiny; final state
गतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
महीपतेO king (lord of the earth)
महीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपतिः
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेexists; is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
राज्यसुखम्the happiness of kingship/sovereignty
राज्यसुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्यसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अनुत्तमम्unsurpassed; supreme
अनुत्तमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahipati (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhishthira)

Educational Q&A

Happiness gained through injustice and coercion may temporarily look legitimate due to circumstances, but it has no stable foundation in dharma; such a ruler has no auspicious destiny, and his royal enjoyment cannot last.

In the Shanti Parva discourse on raja-dharma, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira about the moral responsibilities of kingship, warning that power and pleasure obtained by adharma—even if it seems sanctioned by fate—lead to ruin and instability.