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Shloka 49

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

संदर्शनेन पुरुषं जघन्यमपि चोदयेत्‌ । आरम्भान्‌ द्विषतां प्राज्ञ: सर्वार्थाश्न प्रसूदयेत्‌,बुद्धिमान्‌ राजा नीच मनुष्यको देखते ही अपने यहाँसे दूर हटा दे और यदि उसका वश चले तो वह शत्रुओंके सारे उद्योगों तथा कार्योका विध्वंस कर डाले

sandārśanena puruṣaṃ jaghanyam api codayet | ārambhān dviṣatāṃ prājñaḥ sarvārthāś ca prasūdayet ||

നീചനും അധമനുമായ ഒരാളെ കണ്ടുമാത്രം ബുദ്ധിമാനായ രാജാവ് ജാഗ്രതയിലാകണം. പ്രാജ്ഞനായ ഭരണാധികാരി ശത്രുക്കളുടെ എല്ലാ ഉപക്രമങ്ങളും തുടക്കത്തിലേ തടഞ്ഞ്, അവരുടെ ശ്രമങ്ങളും ലക്ഷ്യങ്ങളും നശിപ്പിക്കണം—അത്തരം ഭീഷണിയെ രാജ്യത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ആദ്യം തന്നേ വേരോടെ നീക്കണം.

संदर्शनेनby (mere) seeing/appearance
संदर्शनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसंदर्शन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पुरुषंa man/person
पुरुषं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जघन्यम्base, vile, low
जघन्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजघन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
चोदयेत्should urge/impel, should drive away
चोदयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आरम्भान्undertakings, initiatives
आरम्भान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआरम्भ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्विषताम्of enemies (haters)
द्विषताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्राज्ञःthe wise man
प्राज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वार्थाश्नone who consumes/appropriates all gains (all-advantaging)
सर्वार्थाश्न:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वार्थाशिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रसूदयेत्should cause to perish/destroy, should bring to ruin
प्रसूदयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रसूदय्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
A
a wise king (rājā, implied)
E
enemies (dviṣat)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must be vigilant and proactive: even small signs of ignoble or dangerous elements should prompt timely action, and enemy plans should be neutralized before they mature.

In Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises the king on governance and security, emphasizing early detection of threats and decisive prevention of hostile enterprises.