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Shloka 26

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

व्यवसायं समाधाय सूर्यो रश्मीनिवायतान्‌ | धर्ममेवाभिरक्षेत कृत्वा तुल्ये प्रियाप्रिये,जैसे सूर्य अपनी विस्तृत किरणोंका आश्रय ले सबकी रक्षा करते हैं, उसी प्रकार राजा प्रिय और अप्रियको समान समझकर सुदृढ़ उद्योगका अवलम्बन करके धर्मकी ही रक्षा करे

vyavasāyaṃ samādhāya sūryo raśmīn ivāyatān | dharmam evābhirakṣeta kṛtvā tulye priyāpriye ||

സൂര്യൻ തന്റെ ദൂരവ്യാപകമായ കിരണങ്ങൾ വിരിച്ചു എല്ലാവരെയും സംരക്ഷിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ, രാജാവ് ദൃഢമായ പരിശ്രമം ആശ്രയിച്ച്, പ്രിയവും അപ്രിയവും സമമായി കണ്ട്, ധർമ്മത്തെയേ സംരക്ഷിക്കണം.

व्यवसायम्effort, enterprise, firm resolve
व्यवसायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवसाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समाधायhaving fixed/established (having undertaken)
समाधाय:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-धा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), non-finite
सूर्यःthe sun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रश्मीन्rays
रश्मीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरश्मि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आयतान्extended, spread out
आयतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआयत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अभिरक्षेतshould protect
अभिरक्षेत:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-रक्ष्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), injunctive/optative sense, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कृत्वाhaving made/considered
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), non-finite
तुल्येas equal(ity), in equal regard
तुल्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रियाप्रियेin the pleasant and the unpleasant (in likes and dislikes)
प्रियाप्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय + अप्रिय
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Surya (the Sun)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must be steadfast in effort and impartial in judgment, not driven by personal preference. His primary obligation is to protect dharma—public righteousness and just order—just as the sun spreads its rays for the benefit of all.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on ideal kingship. Here he uses the sun’s universally extended rays as an image for a king’s impartial protection of dharma and subjects.