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Shloka 4

Vetasa-Nīti: The Reed and the Flood (वेतस-नीति)

सागर उवाच समूलशाखान्‌ पश्यामि निहतान्‌ कायिनो द्रुमान्‌ युष्माभिरिह पूर्णाभिन्नद्यस्तत्र न वेतसम्‌,समुद्रने कहा--नदियो! मैं देखता हूँ कि जब बाढ़ आनेके कारण तुमलोग लबालब भर जाती हो, तब विशालकाय वृक्षोंको जड़-मूल और शाखाओंसहित उखाड़कर अपने प्रवाहमें बहा लाती हो; परंतु उनमें बेंतका कोई पेड़ नहीं दिखायी देता

sāgara uvāca | samūlaśākhān paśyāmi nihatān kāyino drumān | yuṣmābhir iha pūrṇābhinnādyas tatra na vetasam ||

സമുദ്രൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ നദികളേ! നിങ്ങൾ പ്രളയത്താൽ നിറഞ്ഞു കരകവിഞ്ഞൊഴുകുമ്പോൾ, വേരും കൊമ്പും സഹിതം മഹാവൃക്ഷങ്ങളെ പിഴുതെടുത്ത് ഇവിടെ കൊണ്ടുവരുന്നതു ഞാൻ കാണുന്നു; എന്നാൽ അവയിൽ വേതസം (ഞാങ്ങൽ/കമ്പ്) ഒന്നും ഞാൻ കാണുന്നില്ല.

सागरःthe ocean
सागरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
समूलशाखान्with roots and branches (entire, uprooted)
समूलशाखान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमूलशाख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पश्यामिI see
पश्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
निहतान्struck down / destroyed
निहतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
कायिनःhuge-bodied, massive
कायिनः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकायिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्रुमान्trees
द्रुमान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
युष्माभिःby you (pl.)
युष्माभिः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Plural
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
पूर्णाःfull
पूर्णाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अभिन्नाःunbroken / not split (i.e., not dispersed)
अभिन्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भिन्न
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
नद्यःrivers
नद्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere / among them
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वेतसम्a cane/willow (vetasa)
वेतसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेतस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

सागर उवाच

S
Sāgara (Ocean)
N
Nadyaḥ (Rivers)
D
Drumāḥ (Trees)
V
Vetasa (reed/cane)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a natural image to suggest an ethical lesson: rigid, massive things are uprooted and destroyed by force, while the flexible vetasa (reed/cane) survives and therefore is not seen among the wreckage. It points toward adaptability, humility, and non-rigidity as protective virtues.

The Ocean (Sāgara), speaking to the rivers, observes that when they flood and break their banks they carry away uprooted great trees, yet no vetasa is among them. This remark sets up a moral comparison between what gets broken by turbulent force and what endures by bending.