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Shloka 18

Nīti-upadeśa to a Rājaputra: Self-restraint, Alliances, and Rival-Management (नीतिउपदेशः)

यज्ञदाने प्रशाध्यस्मै ब्राह्मणाननुवर्ण्य तान्‌ । ते त्वां प्रतिकरिष्यन्ति तं भोक्ष्यन्ति वृका इव,तुम मिथिलाके प्रसिद्ध ब्राह्मणोंकी प्रशंसा करके उनके द्वारा विदेहराजको बड़े-बड़े यज्ञ और दान करनेका उपदेश दिलाओ। नित्य ही वे ब्राह्मण तुम्हारा उपकार करेंगे और विदेहराजको भेड़ियोंके समान नोच खायेंगे

bhīṣma uvāca | yajñadāne praśādhyasmai brāhmaṇān anuvarya tān | te tvāṃ pratikariṣyanti taṃ bhokṣyanti vṛkā iva ||

മിഥിലയിലെ പ്രസിദ്ധ ബ്രാഹ്മണരെ പുകഴ്ത്തി, അവരുടെ മുഖേന വിദേഹരാജനെ മഹായജ്ഞങ്ങളും മഹാദാനങ്ങളും ചെയ്യുവാൻ ഉപദേശിപ്പിക്കുക. അവർ നിത്യവും നിന്റെ ഉപകാരത്തിന് പ്രതികാരം ചെയ്യും; വിദേഹരാജനെ ചെന്നായകളെപ്പോലെ കീറി തിന്നും.

यज्ञदानेin sacrifice and in gift-giving
यज्ञदाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ-दान
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
प्रशाध्यhaving instructed/urged
प्रशाध्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शाध्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having instructed/urged (having set on the right course)
अस्मैto him
अस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुवर्ण्यhaving praised
अनुवर्ण्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वर्ण्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), having praised/described
तान्those (Brahmins)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिकरिष्यन्तिwill repay/return the favor to
प्रतिकरिष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-कृ
FormFuture, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भोक्ष्यन्तिwill eat/devour
भोक्ष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormFuture, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
वृकाःwolves
वृकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
B
Brahmins (Brāhmaṇāḥ)
K
King of Videha (Videharāja)
M
Mithila (Mithilā)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma highlights a hard-edged lesson in statecraft: praise and patronage of influential religious elites can be used to sway a ruler toward costly sacrifices and gifts. The verse simultaneously implies an ethical warning—unchecked flattery and institutional power can turn into predation on the king’s resources, ‘like wolves’ consuming their prey.

Bhishma is giving counsel within the Shanti Parva’s discussions on governance and conduct. He describes a tactic: commend certain Brahmins to the king of Videha (associated with Mithila), thereby steering the king into grand rituals and donations; in return those Brahmins will favor the adviser, while the king becomes the one exploited.