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Shloka 12

उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः

Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment

तस्मात्‌ तदा योजयेत परेषां व्यसने5थवा । एते हि योगा: सेनाया: प्रशस्ता: परबाधने,इसलिये उसी समय चढ़ाई करे अथवा जिस समय शत्रु संकटमें हो, उसी अवसरपर उसपर आक्रमण कर दे। शत्रुओंको सेनाद्वारा बाधा पहुँचानेके लिये ये ही अवसर अच्छे माने गये हैं

tasmāt tadā yojayet pareṣāṁ vyasane ’thavā | ete hi yogāḥ senāyāḥ praśastāḥ parabādhane ||

അതുകൊണ്ട് അന്നേ സമയത്ത് തന്നെ യുദ്ധയാത്ര ആരംഭിക്കണം; അല്ലെങ്കിൽ ശത്രു ദുരിതത്തിലായ നിമിഷത്തിൽ—അവസരം പിടിച്ച് അന്നേ പ്രഹരിക്കണം. ശത്രുവിനെ തടഞ്ഞ് പീഡിപ്പിക്കാനുള്ള സൈന്യത്തിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും പ്രശംസനീയമായ തന്ത്രാവസരങ്ങൾ ഇവയെന്നു കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു.

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
योजयेत्should deploy/should engage
योजयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
Formoptative (vidhiling), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
परेषाम्of the enemies/others
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपर
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
व्यसनेin calamity/distress
व्यसने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यसन
Formneuter, locative, singular
अथवाor
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
योगाःdeployments/strategic measures
योगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सेनायाःof the army
सेनायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
Formfeminine, genitive, singular
प्रशस्ताःcommended/excellent
प्रशस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्त
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
परबाधनेin harassing/afflicting the enemy
परबाधने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरबाधन
Formneuter, locative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
E
enemy (pareṣām)
A
army (senā)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma advises a king to choose the moment of action with strategic clarity: attack either immediately when conditions are ripe or specifically when the enemy is weakened by misfortune, since such timings are considered most effective for restraining the foe.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on practical statecraft and warfare, identifying favorable occasions for military deployment against an opponent.