Shloka 13

Duryodhana-vadha-pratikriyā: Harṣa, Nindā, and Kṛṣṇa’s Nīti-vyākhyā (Śalya-parva 60)

Devanagari script

उवाच चैन संरब्धं शमयन्निव केशव: । आत्मवद्धिमित्रवृद्धिर्मित्रमित्रोदपस्तथा

Transliteration

uvāca cainaṃ saṃrabdhaṃ śamayann iva keśavaḥ | ātmavaddhi mitravṛddhir mitramitrodapās tathā

Translation

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—കോപത്തിൽ ജ്വലിച്ചിരുന്ന അവനെ ശമിപ്പിക്കുന്നതുപോലെ കേശവൻ ഹിതവചനം പറഞ്ഞു. അദ്ദേഹം ഉപദേശിച്ചു—‘മറ്റുള്ളവരെ സ്വയംപോലെ കരുതുക, സൗഹൃദം വർധിപ്പിക്കുക, മിത്രനും അമിത്രനും ഇരുവരോടും സമഭാവം പുലർത്തി സംയമം കൈക്കൊള്ളുക.’

Word by Word

उवाचsaid

चand

एनम्him

संरब्धम्enraged, agitated

शमयन्pacifying, calming

इवas if, like

केशवःKeshava (Krishna)

आत्मवत्as oneself; like oneself

हिindeed, for

मित्रवृद्धिःincrease/prosperity of friends

मित्रमित्रोदपःone who gives water to friend and foe alike (impartial benefactor)

तथाthus; likewise

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Keśava’s counsel emphasizes self-restraint and ethical vision: see others ‘as oneself’ (ātmavat), cultivate friendship, and maintain an even-minded attitude that does not let anger or partiality govern one’s conduct—even amid conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Keśava addresses someone who is in a heated, angry state, speaking in a manner meant to pacify him and redirect his mind toward calm judgment, impartiality, and dharmic conduct.