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Shloka 43

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

तदुद्यतगदाप्रासमकापुरुषसेवितम्‌ | प्रावर्तत महद्‌ युद्ध राजन दुर्मन्त्रिते तव,राजन्‌! फिर तो आपकी कुमन्त्रणाके फलस्वरूप वह महान्‌ युद्ध आरम्भ हो गया, जो कायरोंसे नहीं, वीर पुरुषोंसे सेवित था। उस समय सभी योद्धाओंके हाथोंमें गदा अथवा प्रास उठे रहते थे

tad udyata-gadā-prāsaṃ akā-puruṣa-sevitam | prāvartata mahad yuddhaṃ rājan durmantrite tava ||

സഞ്ജയൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! നിന്റെ ദുർമന്ത്രത്തിന്റെ ഫലമായി ആ മഹായുദ്ധം ആരംഭിച്ചു; അത് ഭീരുക്കളുടേതല്ല, വീരപുരുഷന്മാർ സേവിക്കുന്ന സമരം. അപ്പോൾ യോദ്ധാക്കളുടെ കൈകളിൽ ഗദകളും പ്രാസങ്ങളും ഉയർന്നിരുന്നു.

तत्that (battle)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उद्यतraised, uplifted
उद्यत:
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्यत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गदाwith a mace
गदा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रासwith a spear/javelin
प्रास:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रास
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अमकnot (fit for) cowards; not cowardly
अमक:
TypeAdjective
Rootअमक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषby men
पुरुष:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सेवितम्frequented/served (by)
सेवितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसेव्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रावर्ततbegan, commenced
प्रावर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वृत्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
महत्great
महत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
युद्धम्battle, war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुर्मन्त्रितेin (your) ill-counsel/evil counsel
दुर्मन्त्रिते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्मन्त्रित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तवof you, your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Y
yuddha (battle/war)
G
gadā (mace)
P
prāsa (spear)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores moral responsibility in leadership: misguided counsel (durmantrita) given or accepted by a king can unleash vast harm. It frames war not as an abstract fate but as a consequence of ethical failure in judgment and governance.

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the great battle has begun. Warriors stand prepared with maces and spears raised, and the conflict is depicted as one entered by the brave rather than the cowardly—while also being explicitly linked to the king’s ill-advised decisions.