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Shloka 3

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

निवृत्ता: सहसा योधास्तव पुत्रजयैषिण: । संनिवृत्तेषु तेष्वेवं युद्धभासीत्‌ सुदारुणम्‌,यह देख आपके पुत्रकी विजय चाहनेवाले योद्धा सहसा लौट पड़े। इस प्रकार उनके लौटनेपर उन सबमें अत्यन्त भयंकर युद्ध होने लगा

sañjaya uvāca | nivṛttāḥ sahasā yodhās tava putra-jayaiṣiṇaḥ | saṃnivṛtteṣu teṣv evaṃ yuddham āsīt sudāruṇam ||

ഇതു കണ്ടു നിങ്ങളുടെ പുത്രന്റെ വിജയം ആഗ്രഹിച്ച യോദ്ധാക്കൾ പെട്ടെന്നു തിരിഞ്ഞുവന്നു. അവർ ഇങ്ങനെ മടങ്ങിയെത്തിയതോടെ അവിടെ അത്യന്തം ദാരുണമായ യുദ്ധം പൊട്ടിപ്പുറപ്പെട്ടു.

निवृत्ताःhaving turned back/returned
निवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिवृत्त (नि + √वृत्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तवof you/your
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रson's
पुत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जयvictory
जय:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एषिणःseeking/desiring
एषिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएषिन् (√इष्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संनिवृत्तेषुwhen (they) had turned back / among the returned
संनिवृत्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनिवृत्त (सम् + नि + √वृत्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
तेषुamong them/in them
तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
एवम्thus/in this manner
एवम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभासीत्appeared/arose
अभासीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभा + √अस् (भास्/भा in sense 'to appear')
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
सुदारुणम्very dreadful
सुदारुणम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra (implied by 'tava')
D
Dhritarashtra's son (implied: Duryodhana)
K
Kaurava warriors (implied by 'your warriors')

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how attachment to a partisan outcome—here, the craving for the prince’s victory—can intensify violence and cloud judgment. It implicitly contrasts impulsive zeal with steadiness and discernment, showing how desire-driven action can escalate conflict into something 'sudāruṇa' (most dreadful).

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that the Kaurava fighters, intent on securing his son’s victory, abruptly turned back (regrouped/returned), and as a result the combat surged into an exceptionally fierce and terrifying engagement.