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Shloka 10

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

संरक्षितो भीमसेनेन राजा माद्रीसुता भ्यामथ माधवेन । मद्राधिपं पत्रिभिरुग्रवेगै: स्तनान्तरे धर्मसुतो निजघ्ने,धर्मपुत्र राजा युधिष्ठिरने भीमसेन, नकुल-सहदेव तथा सात्यकिसे सुरक्षित हो मद्रराज शल्यकी छातीमें उग्रवेगशाली बाणोंद्वारा प्रहार किया

saṁrakṣito bhīmasenena rājā mādrīsutābhyām atha mādhavena | madrādhipaṁ patribhir ugravegaiḥ stanāntare dharmasuto nijaghne ||

ഭീമസേനനും മാദ്രിയുടെ രണ്ടു പുത്രന്മാരും മാധവന്റെ സഖാവായ സാത്യകിയും കാവലായിരിക്കെ, ധർമ്മപുത്രനായ രാജാവ് യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ ഉഗ്രവേഗമുള്ള പത്രിയുള്ള അമ്പുകളാൽ മദ്രാധിപൻ ശല്യന്റെ വക്ഷസ്ഥലത്ത് പ്രഹരിച്ചു.

saṃrakṣitaḥprotected/guarded
saṃrakṣitaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃrakṣita (√rakṣ, kta)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
bhīmasenenaby Bhīmasena
bhīmasenena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootbhīmasena
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
rājāthe king
rājā:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootrājan
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
mādrīsutābhyāmby Mādrī’s two sons (Nakula and Sahadeva)
mādrīsutābhyām:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootmādrī-suta
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
athathen/and then
atha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha
mādhavenaby Mādhava (here: Sātyaki/Kṛṣṇa epithet; context favors Sātyaki)
mādhavena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootmādhava
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
madrādhipamthe lord of Madra (Śalya)
madrādhipam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootmadra-adhipa
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
patribhiḥwith arrows (lit. feathered ones)
patribhiḥ:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootpatrin
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ugravegaiḥof fierce speed
ugravegaiḥ:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootugra-vega
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
stanāntarein the space between the breasts (on the chest)
stanāntare:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootstana-antara
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
dharmasutaḥDharma’s son (Yudhiṣṭhira)
dharmasutaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdharma-suta
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nijaghnestruck/slew
nijaghne:
TypeVerb
Root√han
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmasuta, Dharmaputra)
B
Bhīmasena
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
M
Mādhava (epithet associated with Kṛṣṇa; indicating Kṛṣṇa’s side/ally)
S
Sātyaki
Ś
Śalya (Madrādhipa, king of Madra)
M
Madra (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

Even a dharma-minded ruler must sometimes act decisively in war when duty demands it. The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma: facing danger openly, relying on righteous allies, and using legitimate means in battle to neutralize a grave threat.

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira, protected by Bhīma, Nakula, Sahadeva, and Kṛṣṇa’s ally Sātyaki, shoots Śalya—the king of Madra—in the chest with swift, powerful arrows during the Kurukṣetra battle.