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Shloka 1

Sabhā-parva Adhyāya 63 — Draupadī’s Contested Status, Vidura’s Warning, and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Boons

/ (दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका ३ *लोक मिलाकर कुल १७३ श्लोक हैं) त्रिषष्टितमो< ध्याय: विदुरजीके द्वारा जूएका घोर विरोध विदुर उवाच द्यूतं मूलं कलहस्याभ्युपैति मिथो भेदं महते दारुणाय । यदास्थितो<यं धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्रो दुर्योधन: सृजते वैरमुग्रम्‌,विदुरजी बोले--महाराज! जूआ खेलना झगड़ेकी जड़ है। इससे आपसमें फूट पैदा होती है, जो बड़े भयंकर संकटकी सृष्टि करती है। यह धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधन उसीका आश्रय लेकर इस समय भयानक वैरकी सृष्टि कर रहा है

vidura uvāca | dyūtaṁ mūlaṁ kalahasyābhyupaiti mitho bhedaṁ mahate dāruṇāya | yadāsthito ’yaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putro duryodhanaḥ sṛjate vairam ugram ||

വിദുരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—മഹാരാജാവേ! ചൂതാട്ടം കലഹത്തിന്റെ മൂലമാണ്. അത് പരസ്പര വിഭേദം സൃഷ്ടിച്ച് മഹാഭീകരമായ ദുരന്തങ്ങളിലേക്കു നയിക്കുന്നു. അതിന്റെ ആശ്രയം കൊണ്ടാണ് ധൃതരാഷ്ട്രപുത്രൻ ദുര്യോധനൻ ഇപ്പോൾ ഉഗ്രമായ വൈരം കൊളുത്തുന്നത്.

द्यूतम्gambling, dice-play
द्यूतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मूलम्root, cause
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कलहस्यof quarrel/strife
कलहस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकलह
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अभ्युपैतिleads to, results in, brings about
अभ्युपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-उप-इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मिथःmutually, with one another
मिथः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथः
भेदम्division, dissension
भेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महतेfor great (harm/disaster)
महते:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
दारुणायfor dreadful/terrible (harm/disaster)
दारुणाय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
आस्थितःhaving resorted to, having taken up
आस्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
FormPast active participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धृतराष्ट्रस्यof Dhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सृजतेcreates, produces
सृजते:
TypeVerb
Rootसृज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
वैरम्enmity, hostility
वैरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce, intense
उग्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
D
dyūta (gambling/dice-play)

Educational Q&A

Vidura teaches that gambling is not a harmless pastime but a moral and social poison: it breeds division, escalates quarrels, and becomes the seed of catastrophic conflict. A ruler should restrain such causes of dissension for the sake of dharma and stability.

Vidura warns the court that Duryodhana, relying on the practice of dice-play, is actively generating intense hostility. The verse frames the impending dice episode as a deliberate instrument for creating a rift and driving the Kuru family toward disaster.