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Shloka 9

Adhyāya 32: Rājasūya-Dīkṣā and Appointment of Court Offices (राजसूयदीक्षा तथा अधिकारविनियोगः)

सिन्धुकूलश्रिता ये च ग्रामणीया महाबला:,समुद्रके तटपर रहनेवाले जो महाबली ग्रामणीय (ग्राम शासकके वंशज) क्षत्रिय थे, सरस्वती नदीके किनारे निवास करनेवाले जो शूद्र आभीरगण थे, मछलियोंसे जीविका चलानेवाले जो धीवर जातिके लोग थे तथा जो पर्वतोंपर वास करनेवाले दूसरे-दूसरे मनुष्य थे, उन सबको नकुलने जीतकर अपने वशमें कर लिया

vaiśampāyana uvāca | sindhukūlāśritā ye ca grāmaṇīyā mahābalāḥ | sarasvatītīranilayāḥ śūdrā ābhīragaṇāś ca ye | matsyājīvikā dhīvarāś ca parvatāśrayiṇo 'pare janāḥ | tān sarvān nakulo jitvā vaśam ānayat ||

വൈശമ്പായനൻ പറഞ്ഞു—സിന്ധുനദീതീരത്ത് വസിക്കുന്ന ഗ്രാമണീയ-വംശജന്മാരായ മഹാബല ക്ഷത്രിയപ്രമുഖർ, സരസ്വതീതീരത്ത് ആശ്രയിച്ച ശൂദ്ര ആഭീരഗണങ്ങൾ, മത്സ്യജീവികയാൽ ജീവിക്കുന്ന ധീവരർ, കൂടാതെ പർവതങ്ങളിൽ വസിക്കുന്ന മറ്റു പല ജനസമൂഹങ്ങൾ—ഇവരെയെല്ലാം മഹാബലനായ നകുലൻ ജയിച്ച് തന്റെ അധീനത്തിലാക്കി।

सिन्धु-कूल-आश्रिताःdwelling on the bank of the Sindhu
सिन्धु-कूल-आश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआश्रित (√श्रि + आ- उपसर्ग; क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ग्रामणीयाḥclan/people of village-leaders (gramaṇīya-s)
ग्रामणीयाḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रामणीय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाबलाःvery strong, mighty
महाबलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
N
Nakula
S
Sindhu (Indus River)
S
Sarasvatī River
G
Grāmaṇīya (village-chief lineages)
Ā
Ābhīras
Ś
Śūdras (as designated here)
D
Dhīvaras (fisherfolk)
M
Mountain-dwelling peoples

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the expansion of royal order through conquest: diverse communities across rivers and mountains are brought under a single political authority. Ethically, it reflects the epic’s political realism—kingship is maintained by establishing control over frontier regions and integrating varied peoples into a realm (often through submission and tribute), raising questions about power, legitimacy, and the costs of empire.

During the Pāṇḍavas’ campaign associated with establishing sovereignty (digvijaya), Nakula advances through regions near the Sindhu and Sarasvatī and into mountainous areas, defeating local chiefs and communities—Kṣatriya leaders, Ābhīras, fisherfolk (Dhīvaras), and others—and makes them subject to the Pāṇḍavas’ rule.